Abstract: To promote the efficient utilization of coal resources and develop the green, economic, and scientific fire-fighting technologies, current situation of coal fire disasters in China was briefly introduced, and the basic theoretical research status of coal spontaneous combustion (CSC) mechanism and characteristics are explained. A technical scheme for fire prevention at different stages is proposed. Then, this paper summarizes the technological progresses of CSC prevention, control, and fire extinguishment. Among them, prevention and control are mainly based on plugging wind, grouting and glue injection, and fire extinguishment technology is changed from water injection and grouting to inert gas. Finally, the main problems and challenges of current fire prevention and control technology, including acquisition of characteristic information of coal spontaneous combustion fire, implementation of detection means, location of fire sources, research and development of fire protection materials and equipment are summarized. The prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion fire should follow the principles of precision, speed and intelligence, so as to realize the fundamental change from passive control to active prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion fire.