松散煤体中低频声波传声频率优选实验研究
Experimental study on optimization of low frequency acoustic transmission frequency in loose coal
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摘要: 声波测温技术中信号频率的选择是提高测温准确性的关键。为探究低频声波在松散煤体中的最优传播频率，以褐煤、焦煤、无烟煤作为研究对象，运用传声损失实验测试系统，测试了3种煤样在0.9～＜3、3～＜5、5～＜7、7～10、9~10、＞10 mm 6种粒径下的传声损失。结果表明：所有煤样的传声损失随着声波频率的增大而呈现波浪式上升形状，相较于其它粒径煤样，0.9～＜3 mm范围内煤样的传声损失最大；随着煤样粒径的增加，煤样传声损失不断增加，且传声损失最低点对应的声波频率也不断增大，煤样的煤化程度对传声损失的影响没有表现出明显规律性，煤样粒径是影响煤样传声损失变化的主要因素，并且声波主要是沿着松散煤体粒径间的空隙传播；通过对比分析传声损失的极大值与极小值，发现不同粒径煤样的传声损失在250～600 Hz与900～1 600 Hz之间存在极大值，其传声损失极大值范围在4.66～7.64 dB之间；通过测试3种煤样混样在低频声波中的传声损失，确定了松散煤体中最优传声频率范围为600～900 Hz。Abstract: The selection of signal frequency in acoustic temperature measurement technology is the key to improve the accuracy of temperature measurement. In order to explore the optimal propagation frequency of low-frequency sound waves in loose coal, lignite, coking coal, and anthracite are used as the research objects. The acoustic loss of three coal samples under six particle sizes（0.9 mm to ＜3 mm, 3 mm to ＜5 mm, 5 mm to ＜7 mm, 7 mm to 10 mm, 9 mm to 10 mm and larger than 10 mm） by using the acoustic loss test system is tested. The experimental results show that the sound transmission loss of three coal samples presents a wave-like rising shape with the increase of the sound wave frequency. Compared with coal samples of other particle sizes, the sound transmission loss of coal samples in the range of 0.9 mm to ＜3 mm is the largest. As the particle size of coal samples increases, the sound transmission loss of coal samples continues to increase, and the sound wave frequency corresponding to the lowest point of sound transmission loss also increases. The degree of coal sample deterioration has no obvious regularity in the influence of sound transmission loss. The sample size is the main factor that affects the change of the sound transmission loss of the coal sample, and the sound waves mainly propagate along the gaps between the particle sizes of the loose coal. By comparing and analyzing the maximum and minimum values of sound transmission loss, there is a maximum value between 250 Hz to 600 Hz and 900 Hz to 1 600 Hz about the sound transmission loss of coal samples of different particle sizes, and the maximum sound transmission loss range is between 4.66 dB and 7.64 dB. By testing the sound transmission loss in the low-frequency sound waves of the mixture of three coal samples, it is determined that the optimal sound transmission frequency range in the loose coal is 600 Hz to 900 Hz.
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