浅埋煤层开采地表裂缝发育规律及机理研究
Development law and mechanism of surface cracks caused by shallow coal seam mining
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摘要: 以柠条塔N1212工作面为研究对象，采用野外地表裂缝填图、裂缝动态监测以及数值模拟方法研究浅埋煤层开采地表裂缝发育规律及机理。结果表明：浅埋煤层开采地表裂缝发育程度高，以“台阶状”裂缝为主；面内裂缝平行间隔展布、间隔距离8～15 m之间；裂缝具有“先开后合”和“只开不合”2种活动特征；覆岩内部应力演化和破坏以“拱”型向前扩展，覆岩裂隙与地表裂缝相互贯通；地表裂缝超前产生及其活动特征与地表移动变形、地表“拉伸-压缩”变形转化、坡体滑移密切相关。Abstract: In the paper, N1212 working face was taken as the research object, the law and mechanism of surface cracks in shallow coal seam mining were studied by means of field investigation, dynamic monitoring and numerical simulation. The results show that the development degree of surface cracks in shallow coal seam mining is high, mainly “step” cracks, and the in-plane cracks are distributed at parallel intervals with an interval distance of 8-15 m. The cracks have two kinds of activity characteristics: “opening-closing” and “only opening and disconnecting”; the stress evolution and failure in the overlying strata extend forward in the form of “arch”, and the overlying rock fissures and surface cracks are connected with each other; the advanced generation and activity characteristics of surface cracks are closely related to surface movement and deformation, surface “tension-compression” deformation transformation and slope slip. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of ground collapse in coal mining areas.
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Keywords:
- shallow coal seam /
- mining damage /
- surface cracks /
- development law /
- formation mechanism
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