Stick-slip vibration characteristic of PDC bit cutting composite strata based on discrete element method
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摘要:
针对煤矿井下钻孔时钻头穿层钻进过程中遇到坚硬岩层而发生黏滑振动的问题，借助离散元数值模拟技术开展了PDC齿在5种典型硬度地层中切削破岩性能及黏滑振动特性研究。结果表明：钻头黏滑现象随着地层硬度的增加愈发明显，PDC齿切削极硬岩层时在岩石表面滑移而无法有效钻进；提高钻头转速在一定程度上能够减弱黏滑振动，但对提高钻进性能无明显增益效果；增加钻压能够显著提高钻头钻进效率，但同时会导致更严重的黏滑振动；采用扭转冲击方法能够有效减弱甚至抑制钻头的黏滑振动且能够提高钻头的钻进性能，但过大的扭转冲击会导致钻头所受冲击载荷增加。
Abstract:For the problem of stick-slip vibration caused by hard rock formation in the process of drill bit penetrating in coal mine, and the discrete element method (DEM) was employed to study the rock cutting performance and stick-slip vibration behavior of PDC bit drilling in five typical different hardness rock strata. The result shows that the stick-slip phenomenon of the bit is more obvious with the increasing of the formation hardness, and in the ultra-hard rock layer, it slips on the rock surface and cannot be effectively drilled. The approach of increasing the rotational speed of the bit can weaken the stick-slip behavior to an extent, but it has no obvious effect on improving the drilling efficiency. The drilling performance of the bit can be improved by increasing drilling pressure, but it will also lead to more serious stick-slip vibration. The torsional impact method can effectively weaken or even inhibit the stick-slip vibration of the bit and improve the drilling performance. However, excessive torsional impact force will lead to an increase in the impact load on the bit.
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图 1 钻头在复合地层钻进及系统示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of bit drilling in composite strata and dynamic system
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图 3 复合地层钻进时PDC齿切削破岩过程及速度和切削力时程图
Figure 3. Cutting process and time history diagram of velocity and cutting force of PDC bit drilling in different rocks
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图 4 不同转速下PDC齿速度及切削力时程图
Figure 4. Time history diagram of velocity and cutting force of PDC bit with different rotational speed
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图 5 不同转速下钻头平均钻进深度
Figure 5. Mean drilling depth of PDC bit with different cutting speed
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图 6 12、20、27 kN/m钻压下PDC齿速度及切削力时程图
Figure 6. Time history diagrams of velocity and cutting force of PDC bit with drilling pressure of 12 kN/m, 20 kN/m, 27 kN/m
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图 7 12、20、27 kN/m钻压下PDC齿动态钻进过程
Figure 7. Dynamic drilling process of PDC bit with drilling pressure of 12 kN/m, 20 kN/m, 27kN/m
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图 8 不同钻压下钻头平均钻进速度
Figure 8. Mean drilling depth of PDC bit with different drilling pressures
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图 9 不同扭转冲击力下PDC齿速度和切削力时程图
Figure 9. Time history diagrams of velocity and cutting force of PDC bit with different torsional impact forces
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图 10 不同扭转冲击力下PDC齿动态切削过程
Figure 10. Dynamic cutting process of PDC bit with different torsional impact forces
表 1 仿真中复合地层中颗粒力学参数
Table 1 Physical and mechanical parameters of particles of composite strata in simulation
岩层 ν E/GPa UCS/MPa Emod/GPa Krat Pb-coh/MPa Pb-ten/MPa 煤 0.14 3.73 15.1 3.84 3.06 9.76 6.93 软岩 0.17 7.96 29.3 8.06 3.15 11.24 9.68 较硬岩 0.23 14.7 72.0 13.5 3.34 19.6 13.1 硬岩 0.24 22.9 100.4 24.3 3.32 25.6 19.3 极硬岩 0.29 48.0 156.0 48.0 3.66 32.0 24.2 注：ν为颗粒泊松比；E为颗粒弹性模量；UCS为单轴抗压强度；Emod为颗粒黏结键有效模量；Krat为颗粒黏结键法向和切向刚度比；Pb-coh为颗粒黏结强度；Pb-ten为颗粒拉伸强度。 
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