我国煤矿水害重特大事故相关因素特征分析及防治对策
Characteristics analysis of correlation factors of coal mine water hazard accidents and prevention and control measures
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摘要: 为深入探究我国煤矿水害事故现状及其相关因素特征，统计了新中国成立以来我国煤矿重特大水害事故起数和死亡人数，采用数理统计方法对煤矿水害重特大事故与原煤产量、突水水源、发生时间、发生区域、法律法规变迁、市场监管体制机制、教育培训、煤矿企业性质等8个因素的相关程度进行了分析；同时，对矿井水害事故发生原因进行了总结分析，并提出了技术对策以及管理措施。研究结果表明：新中国成立以来我国煤矿水害重特大事故大体可分为低位频发期、异常高峰期、持续上升期、高位波动期、稳定下降期5个阶段；4—11月是水害事故高发期，8月份事故发生最多；河南、湖南、贵州、山西、黑龙江是煤矿透水事故多发地，老空水是水害事故的主要突水水源；乡镇煤矿是水害事故的重灾区，但总体呈下降趋势；法律法规变迁、市场监管体制机制、教育培训等因素也直接影响我国煤矿水害重特大事故发生频率。Abstract: In order to deeply explore the current situation of coal mine water disasters in China and the characteristics of its related factors, the number of serious and major water disasters and the number of deaths in coal mines since the founding of the People’s Republic of China have been counted, and the mathematical statistics method has been used to analyze the correlation degree of major and serious coal mine water disasters with eight factors including raw coal production, water inrush source, occurrence time, occurrence area, changes in laws and regulations, market supervision system mechanism, scientific researchinvestment, education and training, the nature of coal mining enterprises is analyzed. At the same time, the causes of mine water accidents are summarized and analyzed, and the technical countermeasures and management measures are proposed. The research results show that: since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, major coal mine water accidents can be divided into five stages: low frequency period, abnormal peak period, continuous rising period, high fluctuation period, and stable falling period; April to November is the period of high incidence of water accidents, and August is the month of most accidents; Henan, Hunan, Guizhou, Shanxi and Heilongjiang are the places where coal mine flooding accidents occur frequently; goaf water is the main source of water inrush in water disasters; township coal mine is the most serious disaster area of water accident, but the overall trend is downward; changes in laws and regulations, market supervision system and mechanism, scientific research investment, education and training, and other factors also directly affect the frequency of major coal mine water disasters in China.
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Keywords:
- mine water disaster /
- accident causes /
- related factors /
- accident data /
- accident trends
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