高瓦斯碎软煤层“钻-护-测”一体化新技术
New integrated technology of “drilling-protecting-measuring” borehole in soft-fragmentized coal seam with high gas
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摘要: 碎软煤层普遍存在构造应力复杂、瓦斯压力高、渗透率低、煤体易破碎等特点，在瓦斯抽采钻孔施工时易发生塌孔、喷孔及孔壁失稳等，导致钻进困难、孔内事故频发、成孔深度浅及钻孔堵塞等问题。高瓦斯碎软煤层的安全、高效、精准钻进、护孔及测孔技术一直是碎软煤层瓦斯治理的重大需求和研究热点。针对碎软煤层瓦斯抽采钻孔施工技术面临的问题，提出了“钻-护-测”一体化施工新技术。“钻-护-测”一体化施工新技术将钻孔、护孔、测孔3个独立的施工步骤通过技术改进转变为在钻孔施工过程中一并完成放置筛管的护孔作业及测量钻孔轨迹的测孔作业；相比传统钻孔施工方法，采用该施工新技术提高了碎软煤层钻进施工的安全及效率，有效避免了由于塌孔问题导致无法进行护孔、测孔作业的问题。该施工新技术在淮北矿业所属矿区推广应用实践表明：“钻-护-测”一体化的施工新技术极大地提升了高瓦斯碎软煤层钻进施工的完孔率，极大地降低了孔内事故的发生，为高瓦斯碎软煤层瓦斯抽采钻孔施工提供了新的施工技术及方法。Abstract: Soft-fragmentized coal seam is generally characterized by complex tectonic stress, high gas pressure, poor permeability, and easy crushing of coal body. In the construction of gas extraction borehole, borehole is easy to collapse, outburst and cause unstability of the hole wall, which will cause many problems such as drilling difficults, frequent accidents in the borehole, inadequate hole depth and borehole blockage. The technology of safe, efficient and precise borehole construction, borehole protection and borehole measurement in soft-fragmentized coal seam with high gas has always been the major requirements and research hotspot for gas control in soft-fragmentized coal seam. Aiming at the problems faced by borehole construction technology of gas drainage in soft-fragmentized coal seam, a new integrated borehole construction technology of “borehole construction, borehole protection and borehole measurement” is proposed. Through technical improvement, the three separate construction steps of “borehole construction, borehole protection and borehole measurement” are transformed into both borehole protection of placing screen pipe and borehole measurement of measuring borehole trajectory are achieved in the drilling construction process. Compared with the conventional borehole construction method, the new construction technology can improve the safety and efficiency of soft-fragmentized coal seam borehole construction, and effectively avoid the problem that borehole protection operation and borehole measurement operation cannot be carried out due to borehole collapse problem. The new construction technology is applied in the mining area belongs to Huaibei Mining Area, the practice shows that the new integrated borehole construction technology greatly improve completion borehole rate of drilling construction in soft-fragmentized coal seam with high gas, greatly reduces the occurrence of accidents in borehole. It provides a new construction technique and method for the drilling of gas drainage in soft-fragmentized coal seam with high gas.
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