Abstract: In order to further explore the coupling mechanism of operation risk in the tunneling process, and accurately and efficiently evaluate the operation risk level, the JHA-FRMA method after fitting optimization is used to identify risks from the three aspects of the operation node’s own function, upstream and downstream changes, and the impact of parallel operations. Analytical hierarchy process（ＡＨＰ） ａｎｄ ｓｅｔ ｐａｉｒ ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ（ＳＰＡ） ａre used to quantify the risk and the importance of operation nodes, and the operation risk is evaluated based on the degree of convergence of the connection degree, and applied to the tunneling process of a coal mine in Shanxi. The results show that the “cutting” operation has the highest risk level during the tunneling process. There are 3 huge risk points, 5 major risk points, and 12 high-risk paths in the whole process. This method realizes the comprehensive evaluation of static risk factors and dynamic risk situation in the operation process. The results obtained not only provide a basis for the effective implementation of the management and control mechanism of coal mine enterprises, but also provide effective guidance for workers and supervisors in the operation process.