基于纳米纤维素的接枝共聚型高分子抑尘剂制备与性能研究
Preparation and performance of grafted copolymerized polymer dust suppressant based on nanocellulose
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摘要: 为降低煤炭粉尘带来的环境负担与人类健康危害，采用接枝共聚的方法，选择纳米纤维素为主结构材料，将丙烯酸单体接枝至主体结构，并加入一定含量润湿剂（十二烷基苯磺酸钠），制备了1种兼并保湿、凝并的接枝共聚型高分子抑尘剂材料。借助黏度及保水性指标确定了抑尘剂喷洒的最佳体积分数为0.5%；通过测试酸碱度、表面张力、傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）以及热重分析（TG-DTG），确定其物理化学性质，结果表明：2种单体发生接枝反应，反应物有良好的热稳定性，且对环境及设备无损害。利用接触角实验验证该抑尘剂与煤样之间的接触角为28.32°，60 min内的渗透深度达5.25 cm，具备良好的润湿性能；采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察分析抑尘剂的抑尘机制，抗蒸发性实验表明可防御50 ℃的高温环境；风蚀性实验结果显示，在9 m/s风速下，抑尘效率可达98%，具有良好的凝并与保湿效应。Abstract: In order to reduce the environmental burden and human health hazards caused by coal dust, in this paper, the method of graft copolymerization was adopted. Nanocellulose was selected as the main structural material, grafting acrylic monomer to the main structure, and adding a certain amount of wetting agent（ｓｏｄｉｕｍ ｄｏｄｅｃｙｌ－ｂｅｎｚｅｎｅ ｓｕｌｆｏｎａｔｅ）, a graft copolymerized polymer dust suppressant with properties of moisture and coagulation is prepared. According to the viscosity and water retention indexes, the optimal volume fraction of dust suppressant spraying was determined to be 0.5%. Surface tension, pH, FT-IR and TG-DTG were tested to determine their physical and chemical properties. The results showed that the two monomers were grafted, and the reactants had good thermal stability, and no damage to the environment and equipment. The contact angle experiment was used to verify that the contact angle between the dust inhibitor and the coal sample was 28.32°. The penetration depth reached 5.25 cm within 60 min, so it had good wettability. Scanning electron microscope was used to analyze the dust suppression mechanism of dust suppressor. The evaporation resistance test shows that it can resist the high temperature environment of 50 ℃. The results ofthe wind erosion test showed that the dust suppression efficiency could reach 98% under the wind speed of 9 m/s. It had a good condensation and moisturizing effect.
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Keywords:
- nanocellulose /
- acrylic acid /
- coal dust prevention /
- graft copolymerization /
- dust suppressant
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