Abstract: CO2 is widely used in coal mine fire prevention and extinguishing based on its property of good inerting effect. Coal mine CO2 fire prevention technology is to transport gaseous, liquid or solid CO2 to the upwind side of the underground fire area. CO2 relies on wind flow to bring it into the fire area for suffocation prevention and firefighting. By reviewing the research progress at home and abroad, the article summarizes the key technologies of coal mines using CO2 for underground fire prevention and extinguishing, which introduces the main research progress in the field from the aspects of CO2 fire prevention and extinguishing technology, inerting mechanism, cooling effect, and the flow and distribution of CO2 in the goaf. The article focuses on the analysis of CO2 fire-fighting technology and its characteristics, and discusses the possible future development direction of CO2 fire-fighting combined with the existing problems. Finally, the article summarizes and prospects the research direction and development trend of CO2 fire-fighting technology.