Abstract: Coal seam pressure relief and permeability increase is an effective means to prevent coal and gas outburst, coal and rock mass structure transformation is the core problem of coal seam pressure relief and permeability increase, hydraulic technology is an effective means to prevent coal and gas outburst. Based on the comprehensive hypothesis of coal and gas outburst, this paper analyzes the technical principle of hydraulic outburst prevention measures, and briefly introduces the single hydraulic pressure relief and permeability increasing technology widely used in China, it is pointed out that the compound hydraulic prevention and control measures of coal and gas outburst are the development direction of hydraulic prevention and control measures, the comprehensive measures of “drilling-punching-cutting” coupling pressure relief and outburst prevention, pressure-drilling-punching integrated outburst prevention, ultrasonic permeability enhancement and outburst prevention based on hydraulic fracturing are mainly introduced, it points out a new way to prevent coal and gas outburst by hydraulic technology. It is pointed out that the integrated prevention and control of complex dynamic disaster of deep coal and rock mass, intelligent hydraulic pressure relief technology and equipment research and development are the main research directions in the future.