Abstract: Under the action of strong load, large mining face is prone to the occurrence of disasters such as roof collapse and coal wall spalling, which seriously restricts the safety of coal mines. Aiming at the problem of instability of coal and rock structure, four types of mining induced disturbance are summarized, which reveals the roof structure and the instability mechanism of coal wall. A coordinated control method of “internal coupling + external constraint” is proposed. The internal coupling control method includes construction bolt, anchor cable, dredging water to reduce the deformation of coal rock. The methods of external restriction and constraint control of coal rock include working face and roof control, single hydraulic prop supporting the support plate, support load and mining height adjustment. Engineering practice shows that the internal and external control scheme of coal and rock reduces the probability of coal and rock mass disaster and realizes safe mining.