Abstract: In order to reveal the laws of energy distribution and characteristics of rock pressure of hard rock under the condition of hard roof, according to the geological condition and mining technology condition of a coal mine, the energy field and stress distribution of mining rock body are studied by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation method. Based on the residual energy of broken coal and rock mass, the critical energy of strong rock pressure is determined. The numerical simulation shows that when the working face advancement distance exceeds 180 m, the energy of the mining face reaches the critical energy of the strong rock pressure, which has the danger of strong mine pressure. The influence range of the advanced bearing pressure is about 40 m. Two-lane support should be strengthened in this area.