底板加固改造工作面“双关键层”控水模型
Model of water control “two key layers” in floor reinforcement and reconstruction working face
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摘要: 为研究华北煤田大水矿区底板注浆加固改造工作面突水机理和防治水效果，采用力学公式推导、水文地质特征分析，应用微震监测、瞬变电磁探测等成果，研究了注浆加固改造工作面底板结构稳定关键层与底板破坏渗透关键层叠加控水机理，构建了“双关键层”控水模型，提出了影响“双关键层”控水能力的2类7因素工程判据，并在焦作矿区进行工程研究。结果表明：底板浅部富水性强含水层经注浆改造后岩体强度增加40%~159%，岩体最大抗拉强度达到5.78 MPa，最大抗剪强度达到38.31 MPa，底板变形量减少，从而降低底板破坏和渗透程度，能够起到底板结构稳定控水关键层的作用；破坏渗透控水关键层对裂隙发展起到充填与抑制作用，能够防止深部含水层向上充水；破坏渗透控水关键层有效阻水厚度不足与断层活化是造成底板“双关键层”控水失效的主要原因。Abstract: In order to study the water inrushing mechanism of floor reinforcement working face and the grouting effect in water abundant mining area of North China Coalfield, by means of mechanical formula derivation, hydro-geological characteristics analysis, micro-seismic monitoring and transient electromagnetic detection results, the superimposed water control mechanism of structure stability key layer of floor and the key layer of failure and penetration in the floor reinforced by grouting is studied, and the model of “two key layers” is formed. The engineering criterion of 2 types and 7 factors that affecting the water control capacity of the “two key layers” is proposed, and the engineering research is carried out in Jiaozuo Mining Area. The results show that the strength of rock mass increases by 40%-159% after grouting, and the maximum tensile strength and shear strength of rock mass reach 5.78 MPa and 38.31 MPa respectively, the floor deformation is reduced, thus reducing the damage and penetration degree of the floor, reaching the engineering criterion of the key layer for the stability and water control of the floor structure. The failure of the key layer of water control through penetration plays a filling and inhibiting role in fracture development, which can prevent confined water inrush. Meanwhile, the insufficient effective waterproof thickness and fault reactivation are the main reasons for the water control failure of the “double key layer”.
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