复合表面活性剂对疏水煤体协同润湿效应研究
Synergistic wetting effect of composite surfactant on hydrophobic coal
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摘要: 为提高煤层注水减尘效率，选取了2种非离子与2种阴离子表面活性剂，研究了不同质量分数下单体与复合表面活性剂溶液表面张力及其对疏水煤尘润湿特性的变化规律（接触角与自然沉降速率），对比分析了复合表面活性剂溶液对疏水煤体的协同润湿效应，探讨了协同润湿机理，并对其开展了煤层注水现场验证试验。实验结果表明：4种表面活性剂在超过临界胶束浓度后对煤尘的润湿性仍不断增强，非离子表面活性剂TX-100与阴离子表面活性剂DSS之间具有显著协同润湿效应，且该效应随溶液浓度增加呈增强趋势，复合表面活性剂在1%质量浓度时较TX-100、DSS单体表面活性剂协同润湿率分别达60.06%、132.03%，即高浓度复合表面活性剂溶液对疏水煤体具有显著协同润湿效应。利用界面化学理论对该协同润湿机理分析得到：在高浓度复合表面活性剂溶液中，表面活性剂胶束解离速率的大幅提升是其对疏水煤尘具有协同润湿效应的关键原因。为验证该协同润湿效应，在杨柳煤矿1076综掘工作面进行煤层注水现场试验，试验结果发现：利用添加1%质量分数的TX-100:DSS复合表面活性剂溶液进行注水后，综掘巷减尘率达71.04%，较仅添加0.05%TX-100溶液提高了43.45%，验证了高浓度复合表面活性剂对疏水煤体具有显著协同润湿效应。Abstract: To improve the dust reduction efficiency of coal seam water injection, two kinds of non-ionic and two kinds of anionic surfactants were selected to study the surface tension and wetting characteristics of monomer and composite surfactant solutions. The synergistic wetting effect of composite surfactant solution on hydrophobic coal is compared and analyzed, the mechanism of synergistic wetting is discussed, and the field test of coal seam water injection is carried out. The wettability experiment of monomer surfactant shows that the wettability of the four surfactants is still gradually enhanced after exceeding the critical micelle（ＣＭＣ） concentration. The experimental results of synergistic wettability of composite surfactant show that there is a significant synergistic effect between non-ionic surfactant TX-100 and anionic surfactant DSS, and that the synergistic effect gradually increases with the increase of surfactant mass concentration. When the total mass concentration was 1%, the synergistic rate was 60.06% and 132.03%, respectively, compared with TX-100 and DSS monomer solution. The mechanism of synergistic wetting was analyzed based on the principle of interfacial chemistry. It was found that the key reason for the synergistic wetting effect of hydrophobic coal dust was the significant increase of the dissociation rate of surfactant micelles in high concentration composite surfactant solution. The coal seam water injection test was carried out on the fully mechanized excavation face. After adding 1% TX-100: DSS composite surfactant solution for water injection, the dust reduction rate reached 71.04%, which was 43.45% higher than that of adding 0.05% TX-100 solution, indicating that the high concentration composite surfactant has a significant synergistic wetting effect on hydrophobic coal.
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Keywords:
- coal dust /
- coal seam water injection /
- surfactant /
- wettability /
- synergistic effects /
- dust control
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