工程缺陷体对冲击煤岩体的改性机制研究与实践
Study and practice on modification mechanism of engineering defects on impact coal and rock mass
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摘要: 冲击地压是煤矿较为严重的动力灾害之一，随着矿井开采深度的不断增加，冲击地压灾害越来越严重。针对重大冲击地压灾害显现特征，结合近年来冲击地压研究现状和工程实践，从通过人为实施工程达到控制重大冲击灾害角度，提出了工程缺陷体的概念并进行了分类；分析了高均质度、完整冲击煤体的变形破坏力学特征、能量释放模式，对比分析了完整煤体、含裂隙煤体、含工程缺陷煤体的应力应变曲线变化形态，分析了不同力学性质煤体的能量积聚、耗散及释放模式；从煤体弹性能指数、冲击能指数角度分析了冲击性煤体与含有工程缺陷煤体冲击倾向性的力学特性；通过建立工程缺陷体煤体的冲击倾向性计算公式，找到了工程缺陷体改变煤体冲击倾向性的力学机制，揭示了工程缺陷体防控重大冲击地压的机理。研究与实践表明：工程缺陷体通过对煤体的固有冲击倾向性属性的改性，改变了采场应力分布特征、煤体内冲击能量的演化规律，工程缺陷体能在煤层开采的过程中有效耗散煤体内的冲击弹性能，避免发生破坏性冲击地压。结合具体工作面地质开采条件，给出了工程缺陷体的时空布置方案，阐述了工程缺陷体防控冲击地压的技术方法，并进行了防控效果检验，实现了冲击煤层的安全开采。Abstract: Rock burst is one of the more serious dynamic disasters in coal mines. With the continuous increase of mining depth, rock burst disasters are becoming more and more serious. In view of the characteristics of major rock burst disasters, combined with the research status and engineering practice of rock burst in recent years, the concept of engineering defect body is proposed and classified from the perspective of controlling major rock burst disasters through artificial implementation of projects. The deformation and failure mechanical characteristics and energy release mode of high homogeneous and intact impact coal were analyzed. The stress-strain curves of intact coal, fractured coal and coal with engineering defects were compared and analyzed. The energy accumulation, dissipation and release mode of coal with different mechanical properties were analyzed. The mechanical properties of impact coal and coal with engineering defects were analyzed from the aspects of elastic energy index and impact energy index of coal. By establishing the calculation formula of impact tendency of coal with engineering defects, the mechanical mechanism of engineering defects changing the impact tendency of coal was found, and the mechanism of engineering defects preventing and controlling major rock burst was revealed. The research and practice show that the engineering defect body changeshe stress distribution characteristics of the stope and the evolution law of the impact energy in the coal body through the modification of the inherent impact tendency attribute of the coal body. The engineering defect can effectively dissipate the impact elastic energy in the coal body in the process of coal seam mining, and avoid destructive rock burst. Combined with the geological mining conditions of the specific working face, the space-time layout scheme of the engineering defect body is given, and the technical methods for the prevention and control of rock burst by the engineering defect body are expounded. The prevention and control effect is tested, and the safe mining of the impact coal seam is realized.
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