Abstract: In order to improve the reliability of water-rich index method in the evaluation of water-rich aquifers in complex structures and low-exploration mining areas, water-rich index method based on fractal theory was proposed to evaluate the water-rich of aquifer. Evaluation process was given. Firstly, the main controlling factors affecting the water-rich of aquifer were determined. The structural factors could be replaced by fractal dimension, and the weight of each main controlling factor was determined by analytic hierarchy process. The main controlling factors were superimposed to obtain the water-rich zoning map of the aquiferby Arcgis, and the measured unit water inflow was used for correction. Taking Buliangou Coal Mine in Jungar Coalfield as the research object, water-rich evaluation of sandstone aquifer was carried out. The results show that compared with the traditional evaluation method, the method can reduce the number of structural description elements by 2-3 items, and solve the problem of reasonable and accurate evaluation and zoning of the water-rich aquifer under the condition of low degree of hydrogeological exploration.