Transient electromagnetic response characteristics and application of roof water channel
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摘要:
针对西北干旱-半干旱矿区煤层顶板水害问题，为了查明回采工作面顶板导水通道分布范围，依据全空间瞬变电磁理论与时域有限差分算法，结合示范矿区地层电性特征建立正演地电模型，通过数值模拟研究了回采工作面顶板导水通道的不同磁场分量、不同时刻和不同探测角度的磁场响应特征，并在新疆示范矿区开展了应用试验。结果表明：线框法线方向所对应的磁场分量（Hy）强度最大，分布趋势最简单；磁场强度与衰减梯度随时间延迟逐渐衰减降低，在顶板导水通道处会产生二次感应，并以此为二次场源向外扩散衰减；Hy可识别顶板导水通道，最大有效探测仰角为75°；示范矿区的应用试验及后期钻探验证了瞬变电磁法在回采工作面顶板导水通道探测中的可行性与准确性。
Abstract:Aiming at the problem of coal seam roof water disaster in arid and semi-arid mining areas in northwest China, in order to find out the distribution range of roof water channel in mining face, based on the whole space transient electromagnetic theory and the finite difference time domain algorithm, combined with the electrical characteristics of the strata in the demonstration mining area, a forward geoelectric model was established. The magnetic field response characteristics of different magnetic field components, different time and different detection angles of roof water channel in mining face were studied by numerical simulation, and the application experiment was carried out in the demonstration mining area of Xinjiang. The results show that the amplitude of the Hy magnetic field component corresponding to the normal direction of the wire frame is the largest, the magnetic field distribution trend is the simplest. The magnetic field intensity and attenuation gradient gradually decrease with time delay, and a secondary induction will be generated at the water channel of the roof, which will be used as the secondary field source to diffuse outward and attenuate. The Hy magnetic field component can identify the roof water channel, and the maximum effective detection elevation angle is 75°. The application experiment and later drilling in the demonstration mining area verify the feasibility and accuracy of the transient electromagnetic method in the detection of the roof water channel in the mining face.
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图 2 500 μs时z=40 m切片的不同磁场分量场强分布图
Figure 2. Field strength distribution of different magnetic field components of z=40 m slice at 500 μs
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图 3 不同时刻x=1 m切片的Hy场强分布图
Figure 3. Field strength distribution of Hy of x=1 m slice at different time
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图 4 不同探测角度x= 1 m切片的Hy场强分布图
Figure 4. Field strength distribution of Hy of x= 1 m slice with different detection angles
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图 5 y= 34 m切片的Hy与Hz场强分布图
Figure 5. Field strength distribution of Hy and Hz components of y= 34 m slice
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图 7 11602工作面顶板不同高度视电阻率立体切片
Figure 7. Stereoscopic slices of apparent resistivity at different roof heights in 11602 working face
表 1 工作面含（隔）水层一览表
Table 1 List of working face aquifers and aquifuges
含水层
隔水层厚度/m 岩性特征 水文地质特征 第四系残坡积透水不含水层 <15 砂砾石、砂土及腐殖土。透水性良好，不具备储水条件，为透水不含水层。 中侏罗统头屯河组隔水层 248.86 砾岩、砂砾岩、粗砂岩、粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩、泥岩，其中透水性较差的泥岩、粉砂质泥岩起相对隔水作用 中侏罗统西山窑组裂隙-孔隙弱富水含水层 445.27 浅灰色粗砂岩、中砂岩，深灰色粗砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩、炭质泥岩和煤层，1#～9#煤层自上而下分布。 单孔涌水量4.32～ 6.72 m3/d，渗透系数0.001 6～0.005 7 m/d，钻孔单位涌水量 0.0043 ～0.0050 L/(s·m)（q<0.1 L/(s·m），静水位标高1 246.67～1 441.55 m，属弱富水含水层。水化学类型属Cl·SO4−Na型、SO4·Cl−Na型、Cl−Na型水，溶解性总固体质量浓度1930.2 ～3398.0 mg/L，pH值7.55～9.45。烧变岩含水带 烧变岩，硬而脆，裂隙发育，岩石破碎，孔隙大，透水性强。 下侏罗统三工河组隔水层 52.16 顶部以灰色、灰绿色、灰白色砂岩为主，夹泥岩和粉砂岩，中、下部以泥岩、粉砂岩和细砂岩为主，可形成隔水层。 
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