Simulation study on surface deformation characteristics of CO2 storage in abandoned goaf
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摘要:
为探究超临界CO2注入废弃采空区引起的地表形变特征，利用FLAC3D模拟研究了地表形变一般特征与演变过程，并从形变范围、形变量等5个方面探讨了孔隙率、CO2注入速率和封存深度对地表形变特征的影响。结果表明：CO2注入废弃采空区后引起的地表形变呈“倒碗”形隆起形态，并经历孕育阶段、活跃阶段和稳定阶段的演变过程；随着地表点远离采空区，其在孕育阶段和稳定阶段的位移量占比逐渐增大；地表变形范围随着CO2封存深度的增加明显减小，受孔隙率和CO2注入速率变化影响较小；地表位移量随着孔隙率和CO2封存深度的增大而逐渐减小，受CO2注入速率变化影响较小；地表形变持续时间与孔隙率和CO2注入速率正相关，与CO2封存深度负相关；地表点在孕育阶段和稳定阶段的位移量占比与所需时步数与孔隙率和封存深度正相关，与CO2注入速率负相关。
Abstract:In order to explore the characteristics of surface deformation caused by supercritical CO2 injection into abandoned goaf, the general characteristics and evolution process of surface deformation were studied by FLAC3D simulation. The effects of porosity, CO2 injection rate and storage depth on surface deformation characteristics were discussed from five aspects, such as deformation range and deformation amount. The results show that the surface deformation caused by CO2 injection into the abandoned goaf is in the form of “inverted bowl” uplift, and experiences the evolution process of incubation stage, active stage and stable stage. As the surface point is far away from the goaf, the proportion of its displacement in the incubation stage and the stable stage gradually increases. The surface deformation range decreases significantly with the increase of CO2 storage depth, and is less affected by the change of porosity and CO2 injection rate. The surface displacement gradually decreases with the increase of porosity and CO2 storage depth, and is less affected by the change of CO2 injection rate. The duration of surface deformation is positively correlated with porosity and CO2 injection rate, and negatively correlated with CO2 storage depth. The proportion of the displacement of the surface point in the incubation stage and the stable stage is positively correlated with the number of time steps required and the porosity and storage depth, and negatively correlated with the CO2 injection rate.
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Keywords:
- abandoned mines /
- carbon dioxide storage /
- goaf /
- surface deformation /
- numerical simulation
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图 5 各特征点形变时步演变过程
Figure 5. The time-step evolution process of each feature point deformation
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图 7 地表最终位移量随地表点位置变化关系
Figure 7. The relationship between the final displacement of the surface point and the surface point position
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图 8 不同孔隙条件下地表位移演变
Figure 8. Displacement evolution of surface points under different porosity conditions
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图 9 不同孔隙条件下地表点在各阶段位移量占比
Figure 9. The proportion of surface point displacement at each stage under different porosity conditions
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图 10 不同孔隙率条件下地表形变持续时间
Figure 10. Duration time of surface deformation under different porosity conditions
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图 11 不同孔隙率条件下地表点在各阶段时步占比
Figure 11. The time-step proportion of surface points at each stage under different porosity conditions
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图 12 不同注入速率条件下地表位移演变
Figure 12. Displacement evolution of surface points underdifferent injection rates
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图 13 不同注入速率条件下地表点在各阶段位移量占比
Figure 13. The proportion of displacement of surface points at each stage under different injection rates
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图 14 不同注入速率条件下地表形变持续时间
Figure 14. Duration time of surface deformation under different injection rates
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图 15 不同注入速率条件下地表点各阶段时步占比
Figure 15. Time-step proportion of surface points at each stage under different injection rates
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图 16 不同封存深度地表位移演变
Figure 16. Displacement evolution of surface points at different storage depths
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图 17 不同封存深度条件下地表点在各阶段位移量占比
Figure 17. The proportion of displacement of surface points at each stage under different storage depth conditions
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图 18 不同封存深度条件下地表形变持续时间
Figure 18. Duration time of surface deformation under different storage depth conditions
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图 19 不同封存深度地表点各阶段时步占比
Figure 19. Time-step proportion of surface points at each stage under different storage depths
表 1 数值模型中岩层力学参数
Table 1 Mechanical parameters of rock in numerical model
岩层性质 孔隙率 泊松比 抗拉强
度/MPa弹性模
量/GPa黏聚力/
MPa内摩擦
角/（°）密度/
（kg·m−3）底板砂质泥岩 0.30 0.24 1.14 1.74 0.14 31.24 2 252 煤 0.05 0.30 0.50 0.80 0.30 30.00 1 400 顶板砂质泥岩 0.30 0.25 1.07 1.03 0.24 30.35 2 316 泥质粉砂岩 0.32 0.25 1.00 1.20 0.03 25.00 2 205 粉砂岩 0.32 0.26 1.08 1.34 0.03 34.24 2 205 玄武岩 0.05 0.28 0.30 0.28 0.70 22.00 2 100 
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表 2 数值模拟研究实验方案
Table 2 Numerical simulation research experiment scheme
模拟方案 孔隙条件 注入速率/（m3·s−1） 封存深度/m 1 孔隙条件1 15 800 2 孔隙条件2 15 800 3 孔隙条件3 15 800 4 孔隙条件2 10 800 5 孔隙条件2 15 800 6 孔隙条件2 20 800 7 孔隙条件2 15 800 8 孔隙条件2 15 1 000 9 孔隙条件2 15 1 200
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表 3 孔隙率参数设计
Table 3 Design of porosity parameters
覆岩类别 孔隙率 条件1 条件2 条件3 玄武岩 0.075 0.075 0.075 粉砂岩 0.28 0.30 0.35 泥质粉砂岩 0.20 0.25 0.30 砂质泥岩 0.15 0.20 0.25 煤 0.20 0.25 0.30 砂质泥岩 0.15 0.2 0.25
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