Numerical simulation and discharge evaluation of Cenozoic “bottom aquifer” under drainage conditions
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摘要:
我国东部隐伏矿区煤层开采会引起新生界底部含水层（简称“底含”）地下水间接补给基岩面下砂岩含水层，这不仅会导致地面沉降，同时也增加了矿井排水量，排泄量的确定为矿井水害防治和沉降量的预测提供了一定的依据。以淮南煤田板集矿为例，通过对9煤顶板砂岩含水层疏放导致与上覆“底含”补给关系的分析，构建了“底含”数值模型，获得了其水文地质参数，采用水均衡原理计算并评价其排泄量。结果表明：研究区“底含”可划分为5个水文地质单元区块，渗透系数为0.433~0.824 m/d，弹性释水率为1.8×10−6~3.6×10−6 m−1；在砂岩水疏放条件下，不同阶段“底含”排泄量约占疏放水总量的1/4，其来源主要为侧向补给和静储量消耗；因此，通过基岩风化带的注浆，封堵“底含”与煤层顶板之间的水力通道，是治理“底含”水补给砂岩水的有效措施。
Abstract:The coal seam mining in the east of China will cause the groundwater of the bottom aquifer of the Cenozoic (referred to as “bottom aquifer”) to indirectly recharge the sandstone aquifer under the bedrock surface, which will not only lead to ground settlement, but also increase the mine drainage. The drainage amount is indeed a certain basis for the prevention and control of mine water damage and the prediction of settlement amount. Taking Banji Mine in Huainan Coalfield as an example, a numerical model of “bottom aquifer” was constructed by analyzing the relationship between the sandstone aquifer of 9# coal roof and the overlying “bottom aquifer” recharge, its hydrogeological parameters were obtained, and its output was calculated and evaluated by water balance principle. The results show that the “bottom aquifer” in the study area can be divided into 5 hydrogeological unit blocks, the permeability coefficient is 0.433-0.824 m/d, the elastic water release rate is 1.8×10−6-3.6×10−6 m−1. Under the condition of sandstone water drainage, the “bottom aquifer” discharge at different stages accounts for about 1/4 of the total drainage water, and its sources are mainly lateral recharge and static reserve consumption. Therefore, through the grouting of weathering zone of bedrock, the hydraulic channel between the bottom and the roof of coal seam is an effective measure to control the recharge of sandstone water from the bottom water.
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Keywords:
- bottom aquifer /
- numerical simulation /
- water balance method /
- discharge /
- Banji Coal Mine
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图 1 砂岩裂隙含水层水位与疏放水量关系曲线（30-8观测孔）
Figure 1. Relationship curves between water level of sandstone fissure aquifer and water discharge (30-8 observation hole)
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图 2 “底含”水位与疏放水量关系曲线
Figure 2. Relationship curves between “bottom aquifer” water level and water discharge
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图 5 观测值与计算值误差分布图
Figure 5. Error distribution diagram between observed values and calculated values
表 1 “底含”参数分区一览表
Table 1 List of “bottom aquifer” parameters partitions
分区号 渗透系数/
(m·d−1)弹性释水率/
m−1储水系数 Ⅰ 0.762 0.000 001 8 0.000 103 Ⅱ 0.824 0.000 002 3 0.000 192 Ⅲ 0.433 0.000 002 8 0.000 164 Ⅳ 0.821 0.000 003 6 0.000 174 Ⅴ 0.699 0.000 003 0 0.000 155 
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表 2 “底含”静储量的变化量计算（1）
Table 2 Calculation of static storage change from“bottom aquifer”(1)
分区号 储水
系数面积/
m2水头差/
m静储量
变化量/
(m3·d−1)Ⅰ 0.000 103 5 599 862.26 1.068 10.81 Ⅱ 0.000 192 7 580 853.99 1.147 29.29 Ⅲ 0.000 164 2 511 845.73 1.430 10.33 Ⅳ 0.000 174 2 602 479.34 1.482 11.77 Ⅴ 0.000 155 3 168 939.39 1.469 12.66
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表 3 “底含”侧向补给量计算（1）
Table 3 Calculation of lateral supply from “bottom aquifer”(1)
分区号 等效渗透
系数/(m·d−1)截面积/
m2水力
坡度侧向补给量/
(m3·d−1)Ⅰ+Ⅱ 0.798 287 517.83 0.0 003 096 71.034 Ⅳ+Ⅴ 0.753 254 233.91 0.0 015 834 303.123
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表 4 “底含”静储量的变化量计算（2）
Table 4 Calculation of static storage change from“bottom aquifer” (2)
分区号 储水系数 面积/
m2水头差/
m静储量变化量/
(m3·d−1)Ⅰ 0.000 103 5 599 862.26 1.191 5.77 Ⅱ 0.000 192 7 580 853.99 1.200 14.68 Ⅲ 0.000 164 2 511 845.73 1.290 4.47 Ⅳ 0.000 174 2 602 479.34 1.279 4.87 Ⅴ 0.000 155 3 168 939.39 1.198 4.94
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表 5 “底含” 侧向补给量计算（2）
Table 5 Calculation of lateral supply from“bottom aquifer” (2)
分区号 等效渗透系数/
(m·d−1)截面积/
m2水力坡度 侧向补给量/
(m3·d−1)Ⅰ+Ⅱ 0.798 287 517.83 0.000 367 6 84.3 Ⅳ+Ⅴ 0.753 254 233.91 0.001 916 7 367.005
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表 6 各注浆期间“底含”水位变化情况表
Table 6 Water level changes in “bottom aquifer” during each grouting period
编号 升幅
（以观1孔
为例）影响注
浆段注浆结束
孔口压力/
MPa注浆前标高/
m注浆后标高/
m第Ⅰ次 6.60 D3-1-3 6.8 −101.18 −94.58 第Ⅱ次 0.90 D1-7 7.1 −111.01 −110.11 第Ⅲ次 1.11 D2-7 5.0 −114.83 −173.72
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