人因视角下煤矿机电事故致因分析

邵良杉; 杨金辉; 赵津

doi:10.13347/j.cnki.mkaq.20231075

人因视角下煤矿机电事故致因分析

邵良杉^{1, 2,},
杨金辉²,
赵津³

1.
辽宁理工学院，辽宁锦州 121010
2.
辽宁工程技术大学工商管理学院，辽宁葫芦岛 125105
3.
天津理工大学管理学院，天津 300384

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（71771111）

详细信息

作者简介:
邵良杉（1961—），男，辽宁锦州人，教授，博士研究生导师，博士，研究方向为矿业系统工程、数据挖掘。E-mail：lntusls@163.com

中图分类号: TD79
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- 文章访问数: 38
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-27
- 修回日期: 2023-09-17
- 刊出日期: 2024-01-23

Cause analysis of coal mine mechanical and electrical accidents from the perspective of human factors

1.
Liaoning Institute of Science and Engineering, Jinzhou 121010, China
2.
School of Business Administration, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao 125105, China
3.
School of Management, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China

摘要

摘要:
为从人因视角探索煤矿机电事故致因内在联系，提出一种融合人因分析与分类系统和复杂网络的机电事故致因分析方法。首先运用改进的人因分析与分类系统识别事故致因和致因链，构建出事故致因网络；其次将各指标标准化后识别关键致因，并引入致灾率和脆弱度识别关键致因链；最后构建出不安全行为演化路径。结果表明：煤矿机电事故致因网络具有小世界特性，事故致因间连锁效应明显；事故关键致因为组织安全监督不充分和机电管理混乱，关键致因链为安全教育不足导致的个体安全意识差，组织因素是矿工不安全行为演化路径的源头。
- 煤矿机电事故 /
- 致因分析 /
- 复杂网络理论 /
- 人因分析 /
- 不安全行为
Abstract:
In order to explore the internal relation of mechanical and electrical accidents in coal mine from the perspective of human factors, a method of mechanical and electrical accidents analysis is proposed, which integrates human factors analysis and classification system and complex network. Firstly, an improved human factors analysis and classification system is used to identify the cause of the accident and the cause chain, and the cause network is constructed. Secondly, the key causes are identified after the standardization of each index, and the disaster rate and vulnerability are introduced to identify the key cause chain. Finally, the evolution path of unsafe behavior is constructed. The results show that the network has the characteristics of small world, and the chain effect between the accident causes is obvious. The key cause of the accident is insufficient organizational safety supervision and mechanical and electrical management disorder, the key cause chain is poor individual safety awareness caused by insufficient safety education, and organizational factors are the source of the evolution path of unsafe behavior of miners.
- coal mine electrical and mechanical accident /
- cause analysis /
- complex network theory /
- human factor analysis /
- unsafe behavior

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图 1 改进后HFACS

Figure 1. Improved HFACS framework

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图 2 致因链的合并过程

Figure 2. Merging process of causal chains

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图 3 煤矿机电事故致因网络

Figure 3. Network of electromechanical accidents

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图 4 关键致因与关键致因链

Figure 4. Key causes and key critical links

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图 5 煤矿机电事故不安全行为主要演化路径

Figure 5. The main evolution path of unsafe acts of electromechanical accident in coal mine

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表 1 评价者可靠度指标

Table 1 Evaluator reliability indexes

学位	从业时间/a	职称	专业相关度	得分
博士	＞30	正高	很高	1.0
硕士	15~30	副高	较高	0.9
学士	5~15	中级	中等	0.8
其他	＜5	初级	较低	0.7

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表 2 煤矿机电事故致因体系

Table 2 Index system for electrical accidents in coal mine

层级		致因及编号
层级$ A $	行政监管不力$ {A}_{1} $	安全监管不力$ {A}_{11} $
		打非治违不到位$ {A}_{12} $
		指导协调不力$ {A}_{13} $
层级$ B $	组织机构因素$ {B}_{1} $	机构不健全$ {B}_{11} $
		机构职责不清$ {B}_{12} $
		在岗专业人员少$ {B}_{13} $
	组织制度因素$ {B}_{2} $	制度不完善$ {B}_{21} $
	组织制度因素$ {B}_{2} $	制度落实不足$ {B}_{22} $
	教育培训不足$ {B}_{3} $	安全教育不足$ {B}_{31} $
		培训流于形式$ {B}_{32} $
		演练训练不足$ {B}_{33} $
	组织监督不力$ {B}_{4} $	组织监督不充分$ {B}_{41} $
		组织监督违规$ {B}_{42} $
		隐患治理不充分$ {B}_{43} $
		未按时专项检查$ {B}_{44} $
	预案规程因素$ {B}_{5} $	未编制具体预案$ {B}_{51} $
		预案规程不适用$ {B}_{52} $
		未编制作业规程$ {B}_{53} $
	安全管理混乱$ {B}_{6} $	机电管理混乱$ {B}_{61} $
		随意安排生产$ {B}_{62} $
		负责人不在岗$ {B}_{63} $
		未严格遵守规程$ {B}_{64} $
		护具管理混乱$ {B}_{65} $
层级$ C $	环境因素$ {C}_{1} $	物理环境差$ {C}_{11} $
		安全氛围差$ {C}_{12} $
		技术环境差$ {C}_{13} $
		设备存在问题$ {C}_{14} $
	违法违规生产活动$ {C}_{2} $	越界盗采$ {C}_{21} $
		采煤方法违规$ {C}_{22} $
		高危作业$ {C}_{23} $
		未审批擅自施工$ {C}_{24} $
		停产期擅自生产$ {C}_{25} $
	弄虚作假$ {C}_{3} $	监测系统作假$ {C}_{31} $
	弄虚作假$ {C}_{3} $	图纸和台账造假$ {C}_{32} $
	管理者违章指挥$ {C}_{4} $	随意安排上岗$ {C}_{41} $
		变更标准规程$ {C}_{42} $
		安排无关工作$ {C}_{43} $
		隐患下安排作业$ {C}_{44} $
		随意审批$ {C}_{45} $
	个体因素$ {C}_{5} $	生理精神状态差$ {C}_{51} $
		性格特征因素$ {C}_{52} $
		个体安全意识差$ {C}_{53} $
层级$ D $	矿工违章$ {D}_{1} $	习惯性违章$ {D}_{11} $
	矿工违章$ {D}_{1} $	偶然性违章$ {D}_{12} $
	矿工失误$ {D}_{2} $	技能失误$ {D}_{21} $
		认知失误$ {D}_{22} $
		决策失误$ {D}_{23} $

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表 3 各网络指标值排序

Table 3 The order of each network indicator value

排序	度			聚类系数		介数中心度		接近中心度
排序	节点	入度	出度	节点	值	节点	值	节点	值
1	$ {B}_{41} $	9	14	$ {B}_{12} $	0.50	$ {B}_{41} $	324.5	$ {C}_{22} $	1.00
2	$ {C}_{53} $	12	10	$ {B}_{44} $	0.50	$ {B}_{61} $	217.7	$ {C}_{11} $	1.00
3	$ {B}_{61} $	3	18	$ {C}_{11} $	0.47	$ {D}_{21} $	197.1	$ {C}_{31} $	0.91
4	$ {B}_{64} $	9	12	$ {C}_{32} $	0.47	$ {C}_{53} $	185.5	$ {B}_{65} $	0.88
5	$ {D}_{11} $	18	2	$ {D}_{22} $	0.45	$ {B}_{64} $	143.8	$ {C}_{23} $	0.83
6	$ {B}_{43} $	11	5	$ {B}_{13} $	0.43	$ {C}_{41} $	127.3	$ {D}_{12} $	0.75
7	$ {B}_{31} $	5	9	$ {A}_{11} $	0.36	$ {B}_{63} $	97.3	$ {D}_{11} $	0.75
8	$ {D}_{21} $	10	4	$ {B}_{33} $	0.33	$ {B}_{31} $	91.1	$ {D}_{22} $	0.75
9	$ {B}_{22} $	3	10	$ {B}_{42} $	0.33	$ {B}_{22} $	88.9	$ {D}_{23} $	0.75
10	$ {B}_{33} $	3	10	$ {C}_{24} $	0.33	$ {C}_{42} $	87.2	$ {B}_{61} $	0.62

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