Study on preparation and properties of organic toughened foam for mining
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摘要:
为增强矿用高分子泡沫材料的韧性，添加有机材料聚乙二醇（PEG）对泡沫进行增韧效果改性。采用扫描电镜、热重实验、氧指数测试、锥形量热测试、抗压强度测试，发泡与固化时间测定研究了添加不同分子量PEG改性的作用效果。结果表明：不同分子量PEG能有效增加酚醛树脂泡沫的抗压强度，减小其粉化率，PEG分子量为1 000时，添加量为6%增韧效果最好，抗压强度达到0.155 MPa，粉化率降低到1.3%；添加一定量的PEG能有效增加酚醛树脂发泡倍数，但同时会增加其泡沫的收缩率与固化时间；PEG改性酚醛树脂泡沫孔径结构更加均匀，泡沫的孔径也更加均匀，这主要是由于未与酚醛树脂反应的PEG起到了表面活性剂的作用，能更好地使固化剂等与树脂混合；对于不同PEG分子量酚醛树脂泡沫的热稳定性，分子量越大，添加量越多的酚醛树脂泡沫其热稳定越差。
Abstract:In order to enhance the toughness of mining polymer foam, polyethylene glycol (PEG), an organic material, was added to modify the toughening effect of foam. The effect of PEG modification with different molecular weight was studied by scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetric test, oxygen index test, cone calorimetric test, compressive strength test, foaming and curing time test. The results show that: PEG with different molecular weight can effectively increase the compressive strength of phenolic resin foam and reduce its pulverization rate. When the molecular weight of PEG is 1 000, the addition of 6% has the best toughening effect, the compressive strength reaches 0.155 MPa, and the pulverization rate decreases to 1.3%. Adding a certain amount of PEG can effectively increase the foaming ratio of phenolic resin, but at the same time, it will increase the shrinkage and curing time of its foam. The pore structure of PEG modified phenolic resin foam is more uniform, and the pore size of foam is also more uniform, mainly because the PEG that does not react with the phenolic resin plays the role of surfactant, and can better mix the curing agent with the resin. Compared with the thermal stability of phenolic resin foam with different PEG molecular weight, the larger the molecular weight, the worse the thermal stability of phenolic resin foam with more PEG molecular weight.
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图 8 不同分子量PEG树脂泡沫热重曲线
Figure 8. Thermogravimetric curves of PEG resin foam with different molecular weight
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图 9 PEG改性酚醛树脂泡沫极限氧指数
Figure 9. Limiting oxygen index of PEG modified phenolic resin foam
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图 10 不同分子量PEG改性泡沫SEM
Figure 10. SEM of PEG modified foam with different molecular weight
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图 11 不同添加量PEG-1000改性泡沫SEM
Figure 11. SEM of PEG-1000 modified foam with different dosage
表 1 酚醛树脂中PEG的配比
Table 1 Ratio of PEG in phenolic resin
编号 质量分数/% PEG600 PEG1000 PEG2000 PEG600-2 2 — — PEG600-4 4 — — PEG600-6 6 — — PEG600-8 8 — — PEG600-10 10 — — PEG1000-2 — 2 — PEG1000-4 — 4 — PEG1000-6 — 6 — PEG1000-8 — 8 — PEG1000-10 — 10 — PEG2000-2 — — 2 PEG2000-4 — — 4 PEG2000-6 — — 6 PEG2000-8 — — 8 PEG2000-10 — — 10 
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表 2 PF与PEG的热重数据
Table 2 Thermogravimetric data of PF and PEG
样品编号 T−5%/℃ T−30%/℃ Tmax/℃ 残炭量/% 第1阶段 第2阶段 PF 124.8 479.8 217.5 466.6 50.10 PEG600-2 120.6 475.6 216.3 468.3 49.79 PEG600-4 118.8 471.0 214.3 469.8 49.19 PEG600-6 134.1 462.5 214.1 470.8 49.32 PEG600-8 111.1 429.3 213.3 471.8 47.89 PEG600-10 141.3 424.5 212.8 472.3 48.66 PEG1000-2 123.8 478.2 216.8 470.8 49.34 PEG1000-4 117.5 466.6 215.3 471.1 48.30 PEG1000-6 124.1 454.6 214 472.3 49.10 PEG1000-8 105.8 430.5 213.1 473.1 47.74 PEG1000-10 101.1 421.5 212.1 473.3 46.92 PEG2000-2 99.3 463.0 217.1 470.1 47.66 PEG2000-4 99.6 418.6 214.3 470.8 47.61 PEG2000-6 98.3 417.8 212.8 471.1 47.48 PEG2000-8 97.8 409.0 212.5 472.8 46.82 PEG2000-10 97.5 394.6 212.1 473.1 46.81 注：T−5%、T−30%分别为失重5%、30%的温度；Tmax为在失重最大点的温度。
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表 3 PF与不同分子量PEG的热重数据
Table 3 Thermogravimetric data of PF and PEG with different molecular weight
样品编号 T-5%/℃ T-30%/℃ Tmax/℃ 残炭量/% 第1阶段 第2阶段 PF 124.88 479.83 217.50 466.66 50.10 PEG600-4 118.80 471.00 214.33 469.83 49.19 PEG1000-4 117.50 466.60 215.33 471.16 48.30 PEG2000-4 99.66 418.66 214.33 470.83 47.91
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