富含水层工作面俯采防治水关键技术
Water control and prevention technology for the underhand mining face beneath the water-rich bedrock
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摘要: 针对浅埋厚松散层赋存状态的主采煤层俯采扰动作用下，覆岩裂隙损伤发育历程及富含水层工作面水灾防治问题，以锦界煤矿31409工作面为工程背景，采取理论计算与现场实测结合的分析方法，得到了覆岩导水裂隙理论高度为30.9~53.9 m。结果表明：开采过程中断裂带只贯穿基岩含水层且未影响松散含水层稳定性，充水模式以基岩裂隙与风化裂隙充水型为主，地下水位变化呈“动态消耗+侧向补给”型特征。利用3DEC软件建立俯采工作面采动覆岩扰动计算模型，阐明覆岩导水裂隙演化历程呈现移动裂隙区、固定裂隙发育区及裂隙发育动态增长区3个分区。基于距煤层近、多层位、厚度大、水头高等含水层水文地质特征，实施了疏放水钻孔布置法、“分区分级”工作面涌水量预测法与建设专用排水措施巷“三位一体”水灾防治技术，有效缓解了富含水层下工作面俯采涌水灾害。Abstract: Aiming at the problem of the damage development process of overburden cracks and the prevention of floods in the working face with rich water layer under the influence of the main mining coal seam under the influence of the shallow buried thick loose layer. Taking the 31409 working face of Jinjie Coal Mine as the engineering background, and adopting the analysis method combining theoretical calculation and field measurement, it is obtained that the theoretical height of the overburden water-conducting fracture is 30.9 m to 53.9 m, and hydrological monitoring result indicates that the fissure zone during the mining process only penetrates the base rock aquifer and can not affect the stability of the loose aquifer. Water-rushing model is dominated by bedrock fissures and weathered fissures filled with water, and the groundwater level changes are characterized by “dynamic consumption & lateral replenishment”. The 3DEC software was used to establish a calculation model for the overburden disturbance calculation in the subsurface mining face, which showed that the evolution of the overburden water-transmitting fissures presents three zones: moving fissure area, fixed fissure development area and fissure development dynamic growth area. Based on the hydrogeological characteristics of aquifers near the coal seam, multiple layers, large thickness, high water head, etc., the “three-in-one” flood prevention and control technology has been implemented for the drainage hole layout method, the “zoning and grading” working face water inflow prediction method and the construction of special drainage measures. It effectively alleviates the water inrush hazard of underhand mining face under the rich water layer.
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