Abstract: In order to obtain the dust distribution law in the fully mechanized coal face, the distribution of shearer cutting dust and the dust along the working face was studied by numerical simulation and field measurement respectively. The results show that when the shearer cuts coal downwind, along the direction of the air flow from the rear drum to the front drum area, the dust concentration keeps rising, and the diffusion caused by the air flow has an obvious effect on the increase of dust concentration. When the shearer cuts coal upwind, the dust concentration along the road shows an increasing trend, and the dust concentration in the dust source area changes rapidly. The dust produced by the drum plays a leading role in the dust pollution of the working face. The change trend of dust concentration in the groove of scraper conveying machine is basically the same as that in the support walkway, but the latter lags behind relatively, and the dust concentration is relatively low. Therefore, when taking measures to prevent dust, downwind coal cutting should focus on the influence of air flow, while upwind coal cutting is mainly aimed at the dust production of the drum itself, but under any conditions, cutting dust production is the main source of dust on the working face.