保护层不对称卸压工作面分区防冲技术
Zonal prevention and control technology for rock burst in asymmetrical pressure-relief working face under protective layer
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摘要: 为有效防控保护层不对称卸压工作面冲击地压的发生，以唐山矿0291工作面为工程背景，采用理论分析和数值模拟等方法，分析了工作面发生冲击地压的影响因素及发生区域。结果表明：煤层开采深度、煤层及其顶板的冲击倾向性、上保护层遗留煤柱、本煤层采空区煤柱及厚硬顶板是诱发冲击地压的潜在影响因素;工作面回采前，受上保护层遗留煤柱及本煤层采空区影响，0291工作面两巷应力呈不对称分布，回风巷高应力区主要位于0250采空区切眼及终采线下方，运输巷高应力区主要位于0251采空区切眼下方;工作面回采阶段具有明显的分区特性，回采初期，运输巷围岩超前应力高于回风巷，应加强运输巷的监测并及时采取防冲措施;当工作面进入0251采空区下方时，运输巷围岩应力迅速降低，防治重点应由运输巷转移至回风巷。依据数值模拟分析结果，划分了冲击危险区，提出了工作面回采过程中的分区防治措施。现场监测结果表明，采取的措施可以有效降低冲击地压的发生。Abstract: In order to effectively prevent and control the rock burst in the asymmetric pressure-relief working face under protective layer, taking the 0291 working face of Tangshan Coal Mine as the engineering background, the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation methods were adopted, and the potential influence factors of rock burst in the working face and the occurrence area were analyzed. The results show that the mining depth, bursting tendency of coal seam and its roof, residual pillars in upper protective layer and goaf of the coal seam and thick and hard roof are the potential influence factors of rock burst. Before mining, under the influence of the residual pillars in the protective layer and goaf, the stress of the two tunnels in the 0291 working face shows an asymmetrical distribution. The high stress area of the return airway is mainly located below the cutting line and stop line of the 0250 goaf, while the high stress area of the transportation roadway is mainly located below the cutting line of the 0251 goaf. The working face had obvious zonal characteristics. In the early stage of mining, the advanced stress in surrounding rock of transportation roadway is higher than that of return airway. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of transportation roadway and take pressure-relief measures in time. When the working face enters the lower part of 0251 goaf, the surrounding rock stress of the transport roadway decreases rapidly, and the prevention focus should be transferred from the transport roadway to the return air roadway. According to the results of numerical simulation, the impact zones can be divided and the prevention and control measures of impact zones in the mining were put forward. Field monitoring results show that the measures taken can effectively reduce the occurrence of rock burst.
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