新汶煤田奥灰岩溶横向发育特征及径流网络预测
Transverse development characteristics of Ordovician limestone karst water and runoff network prediction of Xinwen Coalfield
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摘要: 奥灰岩溶水害是制约华北型煤田深部开采的关键因素，复杂的岩溶水网络是灾害频发的主因。运用钻探、地球物理探测、岩心X-衍射及水文地质试验等技术手段，对新汶煤田（东区）奥灰岩溶裂隙横向发育规律进行综合研究，查明岩溶裂隙横向分布主要受构造破坏作用形成的各种断裂构造和奥灰埋深的控制；选取断裂构造裂隙发育指数、奥灰水温异常值和钻孔涌水量3个指标作为岩溶裂隙发育程度、岩溶通道和奥灰富水程度的有效指标，建立了基于遗传算法优化支持向量机的奥灰径流网络预测模型，预测了奥灰径流网络在横向上的分布；通过水位分析，确定了奥灰径流网络的渗流场方向。结果表明：在煤田中深部，主径流带与主构造NW向F10断裂带的展布方向大致平行，深部强径流带主要受主干断裂带的控制；而浅部存在3个平行于NE向断裂带发育的径流区域，主要是断层裂隙空间受浅部交替强烈的地下水改造形成。Abstract: Ordovician limestone karst water hazard is the key threat to deep mining in north China type coal field. Complicated distribution of karst water is the main reason of the hazard. The transverse distribution of karst fissures in Xinwen coalfield was studied in detail by means of drilling, geophysical exploration, core X-ray diffraction and hydro-geological test. The results show that the transverse distribution of karst fissures is controlled by faults formed in tectonic movement and burial depth. Three indexesincluding fracture development index, Ordovician water temperature anomalies and drill water inflow were selected to quantitatively study the development degree of fissures, karst passage and water abundance in Ordovician, then predication model of karst water system in Ordovician was built based on genetic algorithm optimized support vector machine. The transverse distribution of Ordovician limestone runoff network is predicted; through the analysis of water level, the direction of seepage field of Ordovician limestone runoff network is determined. The results show that in the middle and deep part of the coalfield, the main runoff zone is roughly parallel to the distribution direction of the main structure NW-F10 fault zone, the deep strong runoff zone is mainly controlled by the main fault zone, and there are three runoff zones parallel to the NE fault zone in the shallow part, mainly because the fault fissure space is formed by the intense groundwater alteration in the shallow part.
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Keywords:
- karst fissures /
- karst water system /
- fault /
- support vector machines /
- Xinwen Coalfield
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