基于5G直连通信的矿井应急通信技术
Mine emergency communication technologies based on 5G Sidelink communication
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摘要: 面向矿井灾后救援场景的应急通信技术与系统一般采用Wi-Fi作为中继和覆盖方案，由于非授权频段存在信道连续占用时间的法规限制和接入前监听的法规要求，难以实现极低时延的通信指标，同时多应急通信设备同一频段进行中继组网存在同频干扰、会影响通信质量。5G技术面向公共安全和车联网应用场景，定义了Sidelink直通链路通信技术，能够实现终端设备之间低时延高可靠的直连通信。针对矿井应急通信系统对低时延以及高可靠通信的技术需求，提出一种基于5G直连通信的矿井应急通信系统架构，设计了设备标识与直连通信链路时频资源位置的映射方法，设备通过预配置的前传链路和回传链路传输资源位置、无需建立路由连接即可实现与相邻前端设备和后端设备通信链路，利用时域资源循环复用的方式实现邻近中继设备之间的资源空分复用和同频干扰规避。提出的方法能够实现无需调度许可、和极简路由转发的中继组网机制实现传输资源空分复用下的同频干扰规避，有效提升传输资源利用效率，常规基带参数和组网配置下的平均空口时延可达25 ms、显著降低传输时延。Abstract: Emergency communication technologies and systems for mine post-disaster rescue scenarios generally use Wi-Fi as the relay and coverage solution. Due to the legal restrictions on continuous channel occupation time and the regulatory requirements for monitoring before access in unlicensed frequency bands, it is difficult to achieve extremely low latency. At the same time, multiple emergency communication devices in the same frequency band have co-frequency interference, which will affect the communication quality. 5G technology is oriented to public safety and Internet of Vehicles application scenarios, and defines Sidelink communication technology, which can realize low-latency and high-reliability direct communication between terminal devices. Aiming at the technical requirements of low-latency and high-reliability communication in mine emergency communication system, a mine emergency communication system architecture based on 5G Sidelink direct communication is proposed, and a mapping method between equipment identification and direct communication link time-frequency resource location is designed. The device transmits resource locations through pre-configured fronthaul links and backhaul links, and can communicate with adjacent front-end and back-end devices without establishing routing connections, and implement adjacent relays time-domain resources space division multiplexing by cyclically multiplexing and co-channel interference avoidance between devices. The method proposed in this paper can realize the relay networking mechanism without scheduling permission and simple routing and forwarding, realize the avoidance of co-channel interference under the space division multiplexing of transmission resources, and effectively improve the utilization efficiency of transmission resources. Under the conventional baseband parameters and networking configuration, the average air interface delay can reach 25 ms, which significantly reduces the transmission delay.
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