陕蒙矿区深部开采沿空侧煤自燃特性与分区防控方法
Study on coal spontaneous combustion characteristics and precise prevention and control technology for gob-side entry driving in Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia mining areas
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摘要: 陕蒙矿区深部开采矿井具有矿压大、煤体破碎程度较高的特点，留设窄煤柱沿空掘巷容易形成裂隙造成沿空侧漏风，导致沿空侧浮煤存在煤自燃隐患；为了掌握沿空侧煤自燃特性，以营盘壕煤矿为例，通过程序升温初次氧化和二次氧化实验得到煤氧化过程中的各气体变化规律和自燃特征参数。结果表明：营盘壕煤矿2201工作面原煤和沿空侧氧化煤的临界温度范围为70~80 ℃和65~75 ℃，干裂温度范围为105~115 ℃和120~130 ℃；氧化煤较原煤的临界温度提前、干裂温度滞后；通过对比2次氧化过程中的耗氧速率和CO产生率，在90~100 ℃之前，氧化煤较原煤的氧化反应更剧烈，在90~100 ℃之后相反，说明在低温阶段氧化煤更加容易发生煤自燃，自燃隐患突出。因此，通过加强对沿空侧煤自然发火情况监测，提出了陕蒙矿区沿空侧煤自燃的分区防控方法，构筑了喷浆堵漏、胶体压注和液态CO2降温等相结合的综合防灭火技术，实现对沿空侧煤自燃灾害的超前防治，有效保障了沿空侧不着火和本面采空区安全推进。Abstract: Deep mining in Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia mining areas is characterized by high mine pressure and high degree of broken coal. Leaving narrow coal pillars is easy to cause side air leakage along goaf, and the coal left in the adjacent gob will undergo oxidation reaction to form a hidden danger of coal spontaneous combustion. In order to grasp the spontaneous combustion characteristics of coal along the gob-side, taking Yingpanhao Coal Mine as an example, the characteristics of spontaneous combustion parameters and the variation of each gas in the process of coal oxidation were obtained through temperature-programmed primary oxidation and secondary oxidation experiments. The results show that the critical temperature range of raw coal and oxidized coal in 2201 working face of Yingpanhao Coal Mine is 70-80 ℃ and 65-75 ℃, and the cracking temperature range is 105-115 ℃ and 120-130 ℃. The critical temperature of oxidized coal was earlier than that of raw coal, and the cracking temperature lagged behind. By comparing the oxygen consumption rate and CO production rate during the two oxidation processes, the oxidation degree of oxidized coal was more severe than that of raw coal before 90-100 ℃, and the opposite was true after 90-100 ℃. It shows that coal spontaneous combustion of oxidized coal is more likely to occur in the low temperature stage, and thehidden danger of spontaneous combustion is more obviously. Therefore, by strengthening the monitoring of the spontaneous combustion of coal along the gob-side, the precise control and rapid emergency control methods for the spontaneous combustion of coal along the gob-side in Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia mining areas are proposed, and a combination of air leakage control, colloid pressure injection and liquid cooling CO2 is constructed, which has achieved advanced prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion disasters along the gob-side, and effectively ensured that there is no fire along the gob-side and the safety of the local gob.
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