Abstract: The deep roadway has large deformation under the action of high stress, and traditional bolt support technology is difficult to control the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway. Taking the deep return air tunnel of 1 000 m as the engineering background, the original rock stress was measured, and the relationship between the original rock stress and the return air tunnel was analyzed; the thin-thick composite shell support structure of the deep tunnel was developed, and the numerical value was adopted. The simulation method analyzes the applicability of the thin-thick combined shell of the roadway under different lateral pressure coefficients. The results show that the maximum principal stress on site is the horizontal principal stress, with an average of 27.97 MPa, the lateral pressure coefficient is between 1.23 and 1.42, and the angle between the maximum horizontal principal stress and the return air roadway is 68°, which is a large-angle oblique intersection, and the local roadway is prone to damage; comprehensive analysis of the surrounding rock deformation and failure, supporting body force and other indicators, when the lateral pressure coefficient is between 0.5 and 2.0 at a depth of one thousand meters, the thin-thick composite shell support structure of the roadway can effectively control the stability of the roadway; when the coefficient is greater than 2, it is necessary to increase the rigidity of the shell and the strength of anchoring and grouting to meet the requirements of controlling the stability of the roadway.