冲击地压煤矿井上下微震联合监测技术
Joint monitoring of surface and underground micro-seismic monitoring technology in rockburst coalmine
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摘要: 冲击地压煤矿普遍应用井下微震监测系统进行监测预警，但在单一近水平煤层或近直立煤层水平分层开采时，普遍存在由于井下微震台网高差不足导致垂直定位精度不理想的问题，无法有效分析确定冲击致灾关键岩层。以鄂尔多斯矿区某近水平冲击地压煤层开采工作面为例，理论分析了微震定位误差的“垂直高差效应”，研究提出了井上下微震联合监测技术，通过在地面布置专用井上微震拾震器，形成井上下微震监测台网，并在近水平煤层冲击地压矿井应用实践。研究表明：当井下微震传感器布置台网处于近水平状态时，由于垂直最大空隙角过大，造成震源垂直定位误差较大，是微震垂直定位精度不足的主要原因；以ARAMIS M/E微震监测系统为基础，增加ARP专用井上微震拾震器以增大z坐标差距,形成井上下联合监测台网,有效提高了微震监测高度及垂直定位精度。井上下微震联合监测技术在门克庆煤矿应用，揭示了诱发矿震的岩层层位与高度，提升了矿井解决矿震频发的技术水平及采取措施的针对性；红庆河煤矿应用井上下微震联合监测技术，确定了冲击致灾主控岩层层位与高度，揭示了高位厚层顶板冲击致灾性。Abstract: Underground micro-seismic monitoring systems are commonly used in rockburst coal mines for monitoring and early warning. However, in a single near-horizontal coal seam or a near-upright coal seam in horizontal slicing mining, the vertical positioning accuracy is generally unsatisfactory due to the insufficient height difference of the underground micro-seismic network, it is impossible to effectively analyze and determine the key rock formations caused by the impact. Taking a near level rockburst coal mining face in Ordos Mining Area as an example, the “vertical height difference effect” of the micro-seismic positioning error is theoretically analyzed, and the joint monitoring technology of surface and underground micro-seismic monitoring is proposed. The special surface micro-seismic pickup is arranged on the ground to form a network of micro-seismic monitoring stations up and down the well, and apply it to mines with rock bursts near horizontal coal seam. The research shows that when the underground micro-seismic sensor network is in a near horizontal state, the source vertical positioning error is large due to thelarge vertical maximum gap angle, which is the main reason for the lack of micro-seismic vertical positioning accuracy. Based on the ARAMIS M/E micro-seismic monitoring system, the ARP special surface micro-seismic pickup is added to increase the z-coordinate gap, forming a joint monitoring station network of surface and underground micro-seismic monitoring, which effectively improves the micro-seismic monitoring height and vertical positioning accuracy. The joint monitoring technology of surface and underground micro-seismic monitoring in Menkeqing Coal Mine reveals the strata level and height that induced mine earthquakes, and improved the mine’s technical level in solving frequent mine earthquakes and the pertinence of measures taken; in Hongqinghe Coal Mine, the joint micro-seismic monitoring technology is applied to determine the location and height of the main control strata of impact disaster, and reveal the impact disaster of high thick roof.
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