Abstract: Coal spontaneous combustion is one of the important disasters affecting the development of coal-related industries. To understand the characteristics of various parameters of coal spontaneous combustion process in detail, a combination of experiment and numerical simulation was used to study the coupling characteristics of multiple physical parameters of coal low-temperature oxidation, the reliability of the numerical model is verified by the experiment. The evolution law of coal spontaneous combustion under different oxygen conditions is further explored, the results show that the established numerical model can well characterize the multi-parameter coupling characteristics of coal spontaneous combustion. The oxygen volume fraction decreases with the increase of coal temperature, and the CO and CO2 volume fractions increase with the increase of coal temperature. The gas consumption and production characteristics of coal oxidation reaction show hysteresis characteristics. The CO and CO2 produced by the coal oxidation reaction under different oxygen conditions increase with the increase of the oxygen volume fraction, and the change within 8 h has a linear relationship with the oxygen volume fraction. The distribution of oxygen inside the coal body presents a “stratified” feature. Taking 2 h as the critical time, the minimum temperature and the average temperature of the coal sample show different increasing trends. As the oxygen volume fraction decreases, the low temperature area in the coal body expands to the gas inlet area.