Abstract: The influence of attention distribution mode on the coal mine safety monitoring behavior under the different load levels and single/multiple factors is explored, the eye tracking experiment simulation platform has been established based on the attention allocation model, the eye tracking for the three kinds of attention allocation strategies（average distribution, primary and secondary distribution, multistage distribution） vs the two kinds of mental load（low load, high load） vs the two kind of task factors（single factor and multiple factors） experiment is designed and carried out. By analyzing the eye tracking indexes of three typical safety monitoring behaviors of the subjects, such as the reaction time, accuracy rate and average continuous fixation time, the influence mechanism of the different attention allocation modes on the safety monitoring behaviors of coal mines is explored and obtained. The results show that the cognitive level and accident handling ability of the workers were lower in the multi-factor task and high load stress. The average and multistage distribution modes of attention are more likely to cause the monitors to be distracted, and thus the poorer work performance and lower fixation level are produced. The primary and secondary attention distribution mode is helpful for the monitoring personnel to obtain the key information on the screen and maintain the better response accuracy rate and fixation ability, which plays a positive role in improving the quality and efficiency of the safety monitoring work of coalmine.