综合物探技术在工作面地质预报中的应用

    Application of comprehensive geophysical prospecting technique in geological prediction of

    • 摘要: 为解决地面物探方法在矿井地质构造和水文地质勘查中分辨能力不足的问题,了解综采工作面内小型断裂构造的发育情况及导水特征,采用综合矿井物探方法对同一工作面进行地质预报研究。先后在同一工作面内的2条巷道,采用透射法槽波地震勘探技术和无线电波透视法对长1 050 m、宽195 m工作面内的隐伏断层、陷落柱进行了双边精细勘探,获得了槽波地震速度分布和无线电波透视衰减系数成果;利用矿井瞬变电磁法对工作面内的含水构造进行了精细勘探,获得了工作面视电阻率成果;结合已知地质信息,对3种矿井物探方法圈定的物探异常进行了综合解释和可靠性分析,最终解释了隐伏断层3条,含水区5处,已知的2个陷落柱暂未导水,但是陷落柱附近存在低阻含水区,在采掘过程中存在导通的可能性;揭露的中小构造均有物探异常显示,勘查结果经矿方钻探和采掘验证,验证率达到80%。研究表明:矿井物探由于距离地质目标体较近,且可以充分利用工作面两侧巷道进行单一方法的双边联合探测,因此可以实现断距小于2 m的中小断层的精细勘探,但是单一矿井物探方法解释推断的物探异常区往往受方法本身及工作环境的影响出现一定的偏差;根据地质任务及地质目标体的物性差异,选择多种合适的矿井物探方法进行联合探测,结合地质资料进行多参数综合解释,可实现矿井中小地质异常体的有效探测。

       

      Abstract: In order to solve the problem that the surface geophysical prospecting method has insufficient resolution ability in mine geological structure and hydrogeological exploration, to understand the development of small fault structure and water conduction characteristics in fully mechanized mining face, and to guide mine safety production, the comprehensive mine geophysical prospecting method is used to carry out geological prediction research on the same working face. In two roadways with the same working face, using the perspective channel wave seismic exploration technology and the radio wave perspective method, the bilateral fine exploration of faults and collapse columns in the working face with a length of 1 050 m and a width of 195 m was carried out, and the results of seismic velocity distribution of channel wave and attenuation coefficient of radio wave transmission were obtained. The water-bearing structure in the working face was investigated by mine TEM. Combined with the known geological information, the comprehensive interpretation and reliability analysis of the anomalies delineated by the three kinds of mine geophysical exploration methods are carried out, and finally three concealed faults and five water-bearing faults are explained. The two known collapse columns do not conduct water, but there are water-bearing areas nearby, and there is the possibility of conduction in the process of mining. All the small and medium-sized structures exposed have geophysical anomalies. The exploration results have been verified by drilling and mining, and the verification rate reaches 80%. Studies have shown that the mine geophysical prospecting geological target body can make full use of the working face roadway on both sides of a single method of bilateral joint detection because of the distance is near, so, the fine exploration of small and medium faults with a fault distance less than 2 m can be realized. But, the interpretation of geophysical anomaly areas inferred by single mine geophysical prospecting method is often affected by the method itself and the working environment. According to the physical property difference of geological task and geological target body, several suitable geophysical exploration methods are selected for joint exploration, and multi-parameter comprehensive interpretation combined with geological data can realize effective exploration of small and medium-sized geological abnormal body in mine.

       

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