基于人工声学信号的岩体状态和动力现象监测系统САКСМ应用

    Monitoring system for rock mass state and dynamic phenomenon based on artificial acoustic signal САКСМ application

    • 摘要: 随着矿井开采深度的增加,围岩的应力应变状态在动力现象危险带的形成中起着决定性作用。为了实现工作面附近岩体应力应变状态的连续自动化预测,基于动力现象危险性形成的顶板变形延迟理论和人工声学信号的弹性共振频谱特性,根据动力现象危险性人工声学预测在俄罗斯多年的研究试验成果和安全法规的最新要求,研制了岩体状态声学监测和动力现象预测自动化系统САКСМ,并在生产矿井进行了试验应用。系统运行结果表明:在顶板岩层的不同变形阶段,工作面附近岩体的应力应变状态不同,对应的人工声学信号的频谱特性不同,根据人工声学信号的共振频率、振幅及其动态,可以评价顶板岩层中软化接触面的发育位置及其弱化程度,分析工作面附近岩体变形状态和动力现象危险性;相对应力系数监测工作面附近岩体状态,反映了变形延迟和潜能积聚水平,代表了动力现象危险性严重程度,在工作面附近相对应力系数显著增大,最大值超过背景值的2倍以上,能够可靠预测出工作面前方的矿山压力升高带;当工作面距离地质破坏7 m以远时,地质破坏系数显著增大超过其临界值,达到背景值的3倍以上,能够可靠预测出工作面前方的地质破坏;相对应力系数与回风流瓦斯体积分数成线性反比关系,回风流瓦斯体积分数随着相对应力系数的增大而减小,随着相对应力系数的减小而增大,工作面附近岩体的应力状态对瓦斯涌出起着控制作用。

       

      Abstract: With the increase of mining depth, the stress and strain state of surrounding rock plays a decisive role in the formation of dangerous zones of dynamic phenomena. In order to realize the continuous automatic prediction of the stress and strain state of the rock mass near the working face, this paper is based on the roof deformation delay theory of the dangerous formation of dynamic phenomena and the elastic resonance spectrum characteristics of artificial acoustic signals. According to the research of artificial acoustics prediction of the dangerous dynamic phenomena in Russia for many years, the test results and the latest requirements of safety regulations have developed the automated system САКСМ for acoustic monitoring of rock mass conditions and prediction of dynamic phenomena, and has been tested and applied in production mines. The results of the system operationshow that: at different deformation stages of the roof rock formation, the stress and strain state of the rock mass near the working face is different, and the corresponding artificial acoustic signal has different spectral characteristics, it can be use to evaluate the development position and weakening degree of the softened contact surface in the roof rock layer according to the resonance frequency, amplitude and dynamics of the artificial acoustic signal, and to analyze the deformation state of the rock mass near the working face and the risk of dynamic phenomena. The relative stress coefficient monitors the state of the rock mass near the working face, reflects the deformation delay and potential accumulation level, represents the severity of the danger of the dynamic phenomenon; the relative stress coefficient increases significantly near the working face, and the maximum value exceeds 2 times the background value, which can reliably predict the mine pressure rise zone in front of the working face. When the working face is more than 7 m away from the geological damage, the geological damage coefficient significantly increases and exceeds its critical value, reaching more than 3 times the background value, which can reliably predict the geological damage in front of the work. The relative stress coefficient has a linear and inverse relationship with the gas concentration of the return air flow, the gas concentration of the return air flow decreases with the increase of the relative stress coefficient, and increases with the decrease of the relative stress coefficient, the stress state of the rock mass near the working face controls the gas emission.

       

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