Abstract: Taking domestic coal mine accidents from 2005 to 2019 as the research object, the number of accidents and the change trend of death toll were analyzed in terms of the number, type, regional characteristics, production background, policy support, technological change and other influencing factors. The results show that the overall situation of safety production has been improving year by year in recent 15 years, showing a continuous downward trend from 2005 to 2010, a fluctuating trend from 2011 to 2013, and a stable trend from 2014 to 2019. According to the trend of major and above accidents, the work safety situation in the past 15 years can be divided into five stages. The period from 2017 to 2019 is the fifth stage, and especially since late October 2019, the safety situation has taken a sharp turn for the worse. Intensify backward capacity elimination, form effective reversed transmission mechanism is the foundation, insist on the source of disaster management, improve the barriers to entry, and improve the mechanism of risk potential dual dependency, law enforcement team of high quality, clear safety regulatory body is fundamental. The key is to break through the weak links of “one ventilation and three prevention” and form the development of “four and equal emphasis”, while the power and gas disaster prevention are the key points.