Abstract: In order to solve the problems encountered in the passage of thin-bedrock shallow coal seam roadways, three roadways in the 4-2 coal seam of Zhangjiamao Coal Mine were taken as an example, through drilling engineering, water pressure test, core identification, drilling video, hydrochemical test and other exploration techniques, the structure of overlying rock, weathering degree of bedrock, thickness of fresh bedrock and hydro-geological characteristics of weathered zone of 4-2 coal in roadway trench driving section were found out. Based on the exploration results, the technical ideas of “advanced grouting on the ground, repairing and remediation of surface river channels, and supplementary grouting in underground” were proposed, which avoided the hydro-geological and engineering geological problems encountered in the direct excavation of the roadway, which not only ensured the efficient and safe production of the mine, but also protected surface water resources.