煤矿井下硬岩定向钻进技术装备与应用
Directional drilling technologies equipment and application for hard rock in underground coal mines
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摘要: 针对煤矿井下硬岩定向钻进存在的钻进效率低、深孔钻进易产生托压、孔内钻具易损坏等问题，在分析问题原因的基础上，通过集成及创新，开发了煤矿井下硬岩定向钻进技术与装备。研究形成大功率螺杆钻具钻进技术、级差式定向钻头防卡技术、振动减阻技术、水力加压技术、轨迹控制技术和硬岩开分支技术，选配了定向钻机、泥浆泵车、大功率螺杆钻具，研制了级差式定向钻头、水力振荡器和水力加压器。在淮南张集煤矿开展了现场试验及工程应用，在平均坚固性系数为7.6的灰岩中，试验钻孔进尺2 397.6 m，工程应用钻孔进尺5 480 m，平均钻进效率可达21 m/小班；水力振荡器平均钻压降低了33 %，钻效提高126 %；水力加压器钻压降低了23.8 %，钻效提高了137 %。Abstract: According to the problems existing in directional drilling of hard rock in coal mines, such as low drilling efficiency, easy bearing pressure in deep hole drilling and easy damage of drilling tools in hole, based on the analysis of the causes of the problems, through integration and innovation, the directional drilling technologies and equipment for hard rock in coal mines are developed. The drilling technology of high-power screw drill, anti-sticking technology of differential directional bit, vibration drag reduction technology and hard rock branching technology are formed. Directional drilling rig, mud pump truck and high-power screw drill are selected; differential directional bit, hydraulic oscillator and hydraulic thruster are developed. The field test and engineering application are carried out in Zhangji Coal Mine of Huainan. In limestone with an average firmness coefficient of 7.6, the drilling footage of the test hole is 2 397.6 m, the drilling footage of engineering application is 5 480 m, and the average drilling efficiency is 21 m/small shift. The average weight on bit of hydraulic oscillator is reduced by 33% and the drilling efficiency is increased by 126%. The average weight on bit of hydraulic thruster is reduced by 23.8%, and the drilling efficiency is increased by 137%.
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