Abstract: Taking the 12^# coal in three-panel mining face of Shendong Mining Area Shangwan Coal Mine as an example, considering the occurrence characteristics of shallow burial and close spacing of coal seams, ventilation system of mine working face and mining deployment of working face, the key prevention and control areas of natural combustion in goaf and overlying goaf are determined by using experimental results and field measured data combined with theoretical research. Based on the analysis of the existing fire prevention measures in the mine, by optimizing the way of mined-out grouting, improving the nitrogen injection in the upper and lower goaf, and strengthening the monitoring of gas and temperature in the upper and lower goaf, the comprehensive fire prevention and extinguishing technical system of the mine is further improved.