Abstract: Aims at the problem that the rock bolt support plate is seriously damaged due to the uneven surface of surrounding rock in the fast tunneling of shallow buried roadway with large section and causes the support failure, the coordinated action mechanism of the bolt support plate composite component was studied by combining laboratory test, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, and the mechanical model of the bolt support plate composite component was constructed to analyze the force evolution characteristics of the bolt support plate and the self-aligning gasket under partial load and the supporting effect of roadway under different bolt support plate combinations. The industrial test results of large section open-cut roadway of Xiaobaodang working face 112207 show that when the coordination of bolt support plate composite components is good, the stress concentration degree of bolt tail can be effectively reduced, the bolt preload can be improved, the bolt tail is not prone to damage and deformation, and it is helpful to apply the bolt preload, and the support effect is better. The maximum concentrated stress of the supporting plate under the condition of locking each other is greater than that under the condition of good coordination of the supporting plate.