Abstract: In this paper, the thermal response characteristics of single fracture anthracite sample injected with hot steam under triaxial pressure were studied by using the experimental equipment assembled in the laboratory. The results show that the temperature rising process of the measuring points on the prefabricate fracture surface has obvious stages, which can be divided into temperature rise stage when the temperature is between room temperature and boiling point, the steam phase transition stage when the temperature is boiling point, and temperature rise stage when temperature is higher than boiling point heating stage. The farther away from the steam inlet, the longer the holding time in the second stage. When the axial pressure and confining pressure is 7.5 MPa and the steam pressure is 1 MPa, the heat mainly depends on the heat conduction mode to make the temperature of the coal body of non-fracture surface rise. COMSOL is used to simulate the experimental conditions, and the heat conduction coefficient is selected by dichotomy method. The simulation value is compared with the experimental value, and the thermal conductivity of anthracite is finally obtained.