煤层大直径钻孔和顶板预裂孔防冲机理研究及应用
Research and application of anti rock burst mechanism of large diameter boreholes in coal seam and roof pre-splitting holes
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摘要: 为解决葫芦素煤矿临空巷道回采期间的冲击地压问题，采用理论分析方法，研究了煤层大直径钻孔和顶板预裂孔防冲机理。研究认为：巷道围岩极限平衡区可用弹黏体元件串联模拟，深部弹性区可用完全弹性体元件模拟；大直径卸压钻孔可以改变巷道围岩结构，实现弹性区内的完全弹性体元件向弹黏体元件的转变，为弹性应变能耗散提供了空间，使得集中应力向围岩深部转移，同时其在巷道周围形成的卸压保护带可以衰减动荷载应力波；顶板压裂孔可以原位改变顶板岩层的物理力学性质，降低顶板岩层的完整性和强度，耗散了动荷载应力波携带的能量，减小冲击地压危险。结合21103工作面回风巷实际，定性说明了动静荷载诱发冲击启动的机理，制定了煤层大直径钻孔和顶板压裂孔卸压技术方案，通过对比冲击地压前后微震能量事件，验证了技术方案防冲效果。Abstract: In order to solve the problem of rock burst in the gob roadway of Hulusu Coal Mine, the anti rock burst mechanism of large diameter boreholes and pre-split holes in roof is studied by theoretical analysis method. The results show that: the limit equilibrium zone of roadway surrounding rock can be simulated by series of elasto visco elements, and the deep elastic zone can be simulated by complete elastomer element; large diameter pressure relief drilling can change the surrounding rock structure of roadway, realize the transformation from complete elastic body element to elastic visco body element in elastic zone, provide space for elastic strain energy dissipation, and make concentrated stress transfer to deep surrounding rock. The pressure relief protection belt formed around the roadway can attenuate the dynamic load stress wave; the roof fracturing hole can change the physical and mechanical properties of the roof rock in situ, reduce the integrity and strength of the roof rock, dissipate the energy carried by the dynamic load stress wave, and reduce the risk of rock burst. Combined with the practice of return air roadway in 21103 working face, the mechanism of shock initiation induced by dynamic and static load is qualitatively explained. The pressure relieftechnical scheme of large diameter borehole and roof fracturing hole is formulated. By comparing the microseismic energy events before and after rock burst, the anti rock burst effect of the technical scheme is verified.
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