Abstract: The intelligent construction of coal mine driven by scientific and technological innovation is one of the main trends in the current development of coal mining industry in China. In order to explore the impact of the new work pressure faced by coal miners on their risk behavior under this trend, the psychological toughness of miners is introduced as an intermediary variable, and the first-line miners are surveyed. Using Amos 24.0 and SPSS 24.0 software to build structural equation model and carry out mediation effect test, the effect of working stress on miners’ risk behavior was analyzed from the four dimensions of insufficient resources, role ambiguity, role conflict and workload. The results show that the pressure of miners’ work has a significant positive effect on risk behavior, the pressure of miners’ work has a significant negative effect on miners’ psychological toughness, the psychological toughness of miners has a significant negative effect on risk behavior, and the psychological toughness of miners has an intermediary role in the process of affecting miners’ work pressure on risk behavior.