Abstract: A kind of coal mine rescue robot with planetary wheel as movement mechanism and 5G technology as communication system is designed. The vertical obstacle-surmounting ability of coal mine rescue robot in unknown environment can be improved by using the high-power transmission characteristic of compact planetary gear structure. By using 5G network, the signals such as video, voice, the position of trapped miners and obstacles can be quickly transmitted, which is helpful for rescuers to know the underground situation in time and to work out a scientific rescue plan, which can improve the rescue efficiency and success rate.