Abstract: In order to grasp the stress distribution and failure characteristics of the surrounding rock during the final mining in the fully mechanized coal mining face of Lijiahao Coal Mine, the paper uses theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and on-site monitoring and verification methods for analysis and research. The study concluded that: the deformation failure and stress distribution state of the surrounding rock of the retracement channel change continuously as the working surface advances. Advance with the work surface, the confining pressure ratio of the retracement channel is continuously increasing, resulting in an increasing range of damage to the surrounding rock of the roadway, especially when the distance is about 5 m, the deformation and damage of the surrounding rock will increase suddenly with the increase of the confining pressure ratio, after field observation, the results are basically consistent with numerical simulation and theoretical analysis.