Abstract: The numerical simulation of HJC constitutive model is carried out to analyze the dynamic changes of the stress field, strain field and energy field of coal and rock mass under dynamic loading process. The results show that the change of load change rate has the greatest influence on the failure mode of coal and rock mass, followed by the maximum pressure value of the load, and finally the action time. Under the five kinds of load pressures, the kinetic energy, internal energy and total energy of coal and rock mass are consistent with time. When coal and rock mass is not destroyed, these three kinds of energy increase with time. When coal and rock mass is destroyed, the kinetic energy is finally reduced to zero, and the internal energy is reduced. The more severe coal and rock mass damage, the greater the reduction of the three types of energy. When coal and rock mass reaches the critical stress, only minor damage occurs, and then the maximum damage is reached when the maximum total energy is reached. When the pressure and the action time reach a certain value, coal and rock mass will be destroyed, and the change of the load change rate will increase the damage capacity of coal and rock mass.