Abstract: In this paper it classified the type of coal fires, and analyzed their characteristics. According to the whole process of forming coal fire, it proposed analysis and research of the technologies of predicting and forecasting, determining dangerous zone, and detecting coal fires, and brought forward the technologies of coal fires preventing and extinguishing，the technologies included water, grouting, covered by loess, stripping fire, cream-body, nitrogen, three-phase foam, liquid carbon dioxide and gel etc. Finally, it proposed a new technology of fire preventing and extinguishing with gel materials, which was applied on the typical ground coalfield fire and coal seam spontaneous combustion underground, achieved good results.