Abstract: In order to analyze the main occupational hazard factors and determine the key positions of occupational hazard factors in coal mines in southwest Guizhou Province, the test results of occupational hazard factors in 18 coal mines in southwest Guizhou Province from 2018 to 2019 were analyzed, including the main occupational hazard factors, comparing the difference of qualification rate between the occupational hazard factors of the main posts, and determining the key posts for disease hazard control. The main occupational hazard factors in coal mines in this area are dust, noise and hand-transmitted vibration. The positions with serious dust and noise hazards are coal miners, perforators and drivers of excavating machines.