单向荷载下不耦合装药预裂爆破效果研究
Study on effect of decoupling charge pre-splitting blasting under unidirectional load
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摘要: 为研究预裂爆破效果与不耦合系数及单向荷载的关系,以某矿新设回采工作面的现场试验为背景,简化地应力为竖直方向上的单向荷载,运用LS-DYNA软件对直径为73、89、94、104、130 mm的炮孔进行预裂爆破数值模拟,分析了预裂爆破裂隙扩展过程、单向荷载对裂隙扩展的影响、预裂效果与不耦合系数的关系。结果表明:在垂直于炮孔轴向的单向荷载作用下,爆破粉碎区和主裂隙长度不受其影响,对尖端裂隙可实现裂纹二次扩展;不耦合装药系数在1.14~2.03时,形成粉碎区所耗能量低于爆炸总能量的20%;综合炸药能量利用率和预裂效果,不耦合系数取1.63左右时,预裂效果最佳。Abstract: To study the relationship between the pre-splitting blasting effect and the decoupling coefficient and unidirectional load, based on the field test of a new mining face in a mine, the ground stress was simplified as the unidirectional load in the vertical direction, and the LS-DYNA software was used to simulate blast holes with diameters of 73, 89, 94, 104, and 130 mm were carried out to simulate the pre-splitting blasting crack propagation process, the influence of unidirectional load on the crack propagation, the relationship between the presplitting effect and the decoupling coefficient. The study results show that under the action of a unidirectional load perpendicular to the axial direction of the blast hole, the blasting crushing zone and the length of the main crack are not affected by it, and the tip cracks can achieve secondary extension; when the decoupled coefficient is between 1.14 to 2.03, the energy consumed to form the crushing zone is less than 20% of the total explosion energy; the comprehensive explosive energy utilization rate and pre-splitting effect, the pre-splitting effect is best when the decoupling coefficient is near 1.63.
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