康红普：我国煤矿顶板灾害的特点及防控技术
Characteristics of Roof Disasters and Controlling Techniques of Coal Mine in China
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摘要: 顶板灾害是影响煤矿安全生产的重要隐患。通过总结分析近10年来煤矿顶板事故类型、发生地点、事故原因及发展趋势,研究了我国煤矿顶板灾害的特点。介绍了煤矿顶板灾害的防控技术:包括采掘区域围岩地质力学测试与评估、巷道与工作面围岩控制技术;巷道围岩控制方面的煤岩体地质力学测试技术与装备、锚杆支护技术、注浆加固技术、深部高应力及强采动巷道卸压技术、复杂地段支护技术;工作面围岩控制方面的液压支架、坚硬难跨顶板弱化技术、破碎顶板加固及综合控制技术。尽管近10年来我国煤矿顶板事故发生起数和死亡人数大幅降低,但顶板事故仍是我国煤矿的高发事故;自2017年后顶板事故又出现反弹,顶板灾害的防控工作任重道远。Abstract: Roof disaster is an important hidden danger affecting the safety of coalmines. This paper summarized the types, locations, causes and developing trend of roof accidents in the past decade, and studied the characteristics of coalmine roof accidents in China. On the basis of previous analysis, the paper introduced the controlling techniques for dealing with coalmine roof disasters, including the geo-mechanical test and evaluation of surrounding rock in mining area and surrounding rock control technology of roadway and working face; in the aspects of roadway surrounding rock control, there are coal and rock geological mechanics testing technology and equipment, bolt support technology, grouting reinforcement technology, deep high-stress and strong mining roadway pressure relief technology, and complex section support technology; working face surrounding rock control technology includes hydraulic support, hard and difficult-to-span roof weakening technology, broken roof reinforcement and comprehensive control technology. Although the number of roof accidents and the number of deaths in China’s coal mines have decreased significantly in the past 10 years, roof accidents are still the most frequent accidents in China’s coal mines. Since 2017, roof accidents have rebounded, and there is still a long way to go in the prevention and control of roof disasters.
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Keywords:
- coal mine /
- roof disaster /
- characteristics /
- controlling techniques /
- coalmine accidents
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