Abstract: In the past 50 years, China’s coal mine safety has made great achievements, realizing historical transformation from high accidents, fatality and growth to low accidents, fatality, and negative growth. All these achievements are the results of great attention and concern of the Communist Party of China and government, the strengthening of the legal system, the innovation of the system and mechanism for the management of production safety and the progress of coal science and technology. In a long period, the main position and role of coal in China’s primary energy structure will not change and the energy policy of “coal-based and diversified development” will not change. Xi Jinping thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era has pointed out the direction of work safety of coal mines. The supply-side structural reform of coal has provided a mechanism for the root cause of coal mine safety production, and the modernization of the coal industry governance system and governance capacity has promoted the transformation of coal mine safety production from traditional management to modernized management, thus making the development prospect of coal mine safety production more bright and broad.