Abstract: In order to study the influence of the aspect ratio of the short-wall filling roadway on the stability of surrounding rock, the theory of numerical analysis and numerical simulation were used to analyze the principle of cooperative roof control of the short-wall filling roadway. The change laws of the stability of surrounding rock under different aspect ratios are presented.Research indicates that: when the height of the roadway is fixed, the maximum approach of the top floor and the two sides increases slowly with the increase of the width to height ratio and then decreases slightly, and then increases rapidly after the width to height ratio is greater than 1.0. And when the width to height ratio of the roadway is 1.0, the deformation of the panel per unit area is the smallest, which is most beneficial to the stability of the surrounding rock of the panel. Combined with the specific conditions of Bailiang　Xusheng Coal Mine, the reasonable width-to-height ratio of the short-wall filling roadway was determined to be 1.0, and a specific support scheme was given based on the asymmetric deformation characteristics of the roof.